Guatteria sanctae-crucis Maas & Westra

144. Guatteria sanctae-crucis Maas & Westra View in CoL — Map 31

Guatteria sanctae-crucis Maas & Westra (2010) View in CoL 271,f. 9. — Type: Nee 37331 (holo LPB; iso MO, NY, SC, U), Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Prov. Ichilo, Parque Nacional Amboro, along Río Saguayo , 1.5–3 km NE of entrance into first Andean foothills, 375 m, 21 Dec. 1988.

Guatteria cinnamomea D.R. Simpson (1975) View in CoL 305, non Hook.f. & Thomson (1855). — Type: Jenssen S. 133 (holo F 3 sheets;iso MAD, NY,US, USM), Peru, Huánuco, Prov.Pachitea, Distr. Honoria,road to Tournavista , 240 m, 8 June 1964 .

Tree 8–40 m tall, to c. 50 cm diam; young twigs densely to sparsely covered with erect, more or less curly, brown hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 3–7 mm long, 1–2 mm diam; lamina narrowly oblong-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 15–35 by 2.5–8 cm (leaf index 3.6–6.3), chartaceous, not verruculose, dull, grey, greyish brown to greyish black above, pale brown below, glabrous or sparsely covered with erect, curly, brown hairs towards the base above, sparsely or rarely rather densely covered with appressed and erect, more or less curly, whitish hairs below, base acute, apex acute to acuminate (acumen 5–10 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins distinct, 15–25 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised above, smallest distance between loops and margin 3–7 mm, tertiary veins flat to slightly raised above, reticulate. Flowers in 1–2-flowered inflorescences in axils of leaves or on leafless branchlets; pedicels 15–30 mm long, 1.5–2 mm diam, fruiting pedicels 25–40 mm long, 3(–10) mm diam, densely to rather densely covered with appressed to erect, more or less curly, brown hairs, becoming glabrous, articulated at 0.3–0.6 from the base, bracts 5–8, soon falling, the uppermost bract (only one seen) elliptic, c. 7 mm long; flower buds broadly ovoid to ovoid, slightly pointed; sepals free, broadly ovate-triangular to ovate-triangular, 8–12 by 4–9 mm, spreading, but soon reflexed, outer side densely covered with appressed to erect, more or less curly, brown hairs; petals greyish red, reddish brown or brown in vivo, elliptic, oblong-elliptic to obovate, 10 –25 by 6–15 mm, outer side densely covered with appressed and erect, brown hairs; stamens 1–1.5 mm long, connective shield papillate to glabrous. Monocarps 25–75, green, maturing purple-green, brown to black in vivo, black in sicco, ellipsoid, 10–15 by 4–6 mm, glabrous, apex apiculate (apiculum <1 mm long), wall 0.1–0.2 mm thick, stipes 4–20 by 0.5–1 mm. Seed ellipsoid, 8–11 by 4–5 mm, shiny brown, pitted to rugulose, raphe not distinct from rest of seed.

Distribution — Peru (Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Ucayali), Bolivia (Santa Cruz).

Habitat & Ecology — In tropical to subtropical, non-inun- dated or rarely periodically inundated forest. At elevations of 200–400(–1440) m. Flowering: January, February,April to July, September, December; fruiting: August, October, November.

Vernacular names — Peru: Carahuasca (Jenssen S. 10, 133, Tello 1734), Carahuasca negra (R. Oliveira 16).

Notes — Guatteria sanctae-crucis can fairly easily be recognized by the relatively long and narrow leaves, the indument of erect, more or less curly hairs of its young leafy twigs, the large distance between loops of secondary veins and the leaf margin (3–7 mm) and also by the large sepals up to 12 mm long.

The indument varies much in density. A form with very dense indument was described as G. cinnamomea by Simpson (1975), referring to the pale brown or cinnamon colour of the indument on the young branchlets. Unfortunately, this aptly chosen name, being a later homonym, could not be maintained.

Map31 Distribution of Guatteria saffordiana (●), G.sanctae-crucis (£), G.scalarinervia (■), G. scandens (P) and G. sellowiana (u).