Guatteria stipitata R.E.Fr.

156. Guatteria stipitata R.E.Fr. View in CoL — Fig. 78 View Fig ; Plate 8a View Plate 8 ; Map 35

Guatteria stipitata R.E.Fr. (1939) 465; Murillo A. & Restrepo (2000) 114, f. 34. — Type: Krukoff 6907 (holo S; iso C, F, G 2 sheets, LE, MO, NY, RB 2 sheets, S, SPF, U, US), Brazil, Amazonas , Basin of Rio Madeira, Mun. Humaitá, near Livramento on Rio Livramento, 12 Oct.–6 Nov. 1934.

Tree 5–35 m tall, 10–30 cm diam; young twigs densely covered with erect, brown, long-persistent hairs. Leaves: petiole 5 –10 mm long, 1–4 mm diam; lamina narrowly oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate, 10–37 by 4–15 cm (leaf index 2.3–3.8), co- riaceous, not verruculose, dull, greyish to greyish black above, brown below, rather densely covered with erect, brown hairs but soon almost glabrous above, densely covered with erect, brown hairs below, hairs simple or in bundles of 2–4, base acute to obtuse, basal margins mostly revolute, apex acuminate (acumen 5–20 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins distinct, 10–20 on either side of primary vein, raised above, smallest distance between loops and margin 3–6 mm, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Flowers in 1–3(–4)-flowered inflorescences in axils of leaves or some- times on leafless branchlets; pedicels 5–10 mm long, 1.5–2 mm diam, fruiting pedicels 5–22 mm long, 2–4 mm diam, densely covered with erect, brown hairs, articulated at 0.4–0.7 from the base, bracts 5–7, soon falling, not seen; flower buds broadly ovoid; sepals free, ovate-triangular to broadly ovate-triangular, 3–6 by 4 mm, soon reflexed, outer side densely covered with erect, brown hairs; petals green, maturing cream or red in vivo, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 12–20 by 4–9 mm, outer side densely covered with erect, brown hairs; stamens 1–1.5 mm long, connective shield densely hairy. Monocarps 5 –20, green, maturing purplish black in vivo, black, sometimes brown in sicco, ellipsoid, 8–16 by 5–11 mm, densely covered with erect, brown and sometimes also with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex rounded to apiculate (apiculum <0.5 mm long), wall 0.3–0.6 mm thick, stipes (3–)5–11 by 1–2 mm. Seed ellipsoid, 7–12 by 5–7 mm, brown, smooth, raphe not distinct from rest of seed.

Distribution — Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Caquetá, Meta, Santander), Venezuela (Amazonas), Ecuador (Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana), Peru (Amazonas, Loreto, Pasco, San Martín ).

Habitat & Ecology — In primary, non-inundated rain forest, on white sandy to red, clayey soil. At elevations of 100–1200 m. Flowering: throughout the year; fruiting: throughout the year.

Vernacular names — Colombia: Dujeko (Yucuna name) (Vester & Matapi 170), Jigomada (Huitoto name) (Vester & Castro 147), Jïrïda (Huitoto name) (Vester et al. 327), Nagui (García-Barriga 18210). Ecuador: Oñintahua (Gudiño et al. 939), Yais (Shuar name) ( Neill et al. 15437). Peru: Carahuasca ( Neill et al. 10368), Cara huasca ( Daly et al. 5752), Chinanim (C. Díaz et al. 6995), Yumi yeis (Huashikat 1433).

Notes — Guatteria stipitata together with G. citriodora , G. duckeana and G. schomburgkiana forms part of the G. schomburgkiana complex, see Table 4 (p. 59). This group, placed by Fries (1939) in sect. Cephalocarpus , which originally consisted of eight species, has as its main features short-pedicelled flowers and in general sessile to very shortly stipitate monocarps. The densely hairy connective shield is also a distinctive feature of this group (vs papillate or glabrous in most Guatteria species). Guatteria stipitata , when in fruit, can easily be distinguished from G. citriodora and G. schomburgkiana by distinctly stipitate monocarps, the stipes 5 –11 mm long and often longer than the monocarp body. The other species are characterized by ses- sile to subsessile monocarps, the stipe, when obvious, always shorter than the monocarp body. Non-fruiting specimens of G. stipitata can be much harder to tell apart from G. citriodora . The best way is to examine the leaves: in G. stipitata the basal leaf margins are mostly revolute whereas leaf margins in G. citriodora generally are not or only weakly revolute. Further- more the indument on the lower leaf side in G. stipitata commonly consists of somewhat coarser hairs, equally with brown cell content, and there are quite many 2–4(–more)-bundled hairs, particularly near the primary vein.

According to various labels the colour of the petals is red, a colour rarely encountered in the genus Guatteria .

In the Flora of the Jenaro Herrera Arboretum ( Spichiger et al. 1989) this species has been incorrectly identified as G. citriodora .

Two specimens from the Brazilian state of Acre, in the neigh- bourhood of Cruzeiro do Sul , Cid et al. 10477 ( U) and 10708 ( U), may well belong here but as fruits are lacking the identification is not certain .

Two collections from the Colombian department of Antioquia, Callejas et al. 8734 and 8784, probably represent the northern limit of this species. They match G. stipitata well except for the indument consisting of a sparse cover of appressed hairs instead of the often dense cover of erect hairs in average G. stipitata . A third collection from Antioquia, Callejas et al. 8858, has the typical indument of erect hairs, though.