Guatteria longicuspis R.E.Fr.

90. Guatteria longicuspis R.E.Fr. View in CoL — Map 22

Guatteria longicuspis R.E.Fr. (1900) 18, t. 2, f. 3–5; Maas & Westra (2011) 131, f. 16, pl. 1g. — Duguetia leptocarpa Benth. ex R.E.Fr. (1900) 18. — Type: Spruce s.n. (holo B; iso BM, K, M, NY, P), Brazil, Amazonas , São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Jan.–Aug. 1852.

Guatteria amazonica R.E.Fr. (1938) 720. — Type: J.G. Kuhlmann 1564 = RB 24260 (holo S; iso RB 2 sheets), Peru, Loreto, Río Amazonas, Chimbote , 3 Mar. 1924.

Guatteria microcalyx R.E.Fr. (1939) 497, f. 29c, d. — Type: Krukoff 1033 (holo S; iso BM, G, K, NY, P, S, U), Brazil, Pará , Fordlandia , Boa Vista, Tapajós River region, 6 Sept. 1931.

Guatteria sp. 2 Chatrou et al. (1997) 109.

A mostly cauliflorous tree 3–13 m tall, 4–15 cm diam; young twigs densely to sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2–5 mm long, 2–4 mm diam; lamina narrowly oblong-elliptic to narrowly obovate, 20–35 by 4–10 cm (leaf index 2.8–6), chartaceous, rather densely to sparsely, sometimes densely verruculose, greyish to brownish above, brown below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed hairs to c. 1 mm long below, base acute to obtuse, or stem-clasping, often oblique, apex acuminate (acumen 10–20 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins distinct, 15–30 on either side of primary vein, impressed above, often forming a distinct marginal vein, at a smallest distance of 2–3

Map 22 Distribution of Guatteria longicuspis (P), G. megalophylla (£), G. pakaraimae (●), G. panamensis (■), G. pannosa (u) and G. partangensis (✸).

mm from the margin, tertiary veins inconspicuous, impressed above, reticulate. Flowers solitary, on densely branched compact clusters, on the trunk, sometimes on large leafless branchlets, rarely axillary; pedicels 15–30 mm long, 1–2 mm diam, fruiting pedicels to c. 35 mm long, 3–4 mm diam, densely cov- ered with appressed hairs, articulated at 0.2–0.4 from the base, bracts 4–6, soon falling, not seen; flower buds not seen; sepals free, broadly ovate-triangular, 4–7 by 4–6 mm, appressed to reflexed, outer side densely covered with appressed hairs; pet- als yellow or greenish yellow in vivo, elliptic to obovate, 15– 22 by 7–12 mm, outer side densely covered with appressed hairs; stamens 1.5–2 mm long, connective shield papillate. Monocarps 25–40, green, maturing dark brown in vivo, brown in sicco, ellipsoid, 17–23 by 4–11{–13} mm, rather densely with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex rounded, wall 0.4–0.5 mm thick, stipes 5–10 by c. 1 mm. Seed ellipsoid, 13–17 by 7–10 mm, dark brown, longitudinally and transversely grooved to rugulose, raphe not distinct from rest of seed.

Distribution — Amazonian Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Vaupés), Venezuela (Amazonas), Ecuador (Napo, Sucumbíos), Peru (Loreto), Brazil (Amazonas, Pará).

Habitat & Ecology — In non-inundated or periodically inun- dated forest (várzea, igapó), on clayey soil. At elevations of up to 300 m. Flowering:April to October; fruiting: June to February.

Vernacular names — Colombia:Buutruchicu (Muinane name) (Murillo A. et al. 518), Ñaatraje dujeku (Muinane name) (Murillo A. 619). Peru: Bara (Rimachi Y. 3593). Venezuela: Majagua hoja grande (H.L. Clark 7433).

Notes — Plants of G. longicuspis studied by us are mostly cauliflorous. The leaves are frequently oblong-elliptic in shape. The number of minute warts on the lamina varies greatly, the leaves ranging from densely to sparsely verruculose. The equally cauliflorous G. novogranatensis from Colombia (Boyacá and Santander) differs from G. longicuspis by much larger sepals (10–13 mm long and 5–7 mm long, respectively).A third cauliflorous species, G. scalarinervia , is easily distinguished from G. longicuspis by the long petioles (15–20 mm long and 2–5 mm long, respectively). In addition to these three species, cauliflory occurs in G. conspicua and G. wachenheimii , which are quite distinct as mentioned in the notes of those species. Finally G. scandens , being a liana, stands on its own in the genus with regard to cauliflory.

The young monocarps of G. longicuspis are often pointed (hence Fries’s epithet), but the ripe ones are rounded.

The density of the tiny leaf warts (verruculae) is quite variable in this species. Specimens with rather densely verruculose leaves are from Amazonian Ecuador, Peru and one from Colombia (Balslev 97092, Brandbyge 36122, Maas 8209, Murillo A. 518, Vásquez 242); very densely and more coarsely verruculose leaves are encountered in Amazonian Brazil and Colombia (Maas 6765, 6835, Prance 17337, Schultes 22593, 24391, Zarucchi 1725).