tiger beetles, Latreille, 1802

Identification key to the tiger beetles of Azerbaijan

1(2) Anterior angles of pronotum projected towards the margin of prothorax ( Fig. 6 View FIGS 6–13 ); the fourth joint of maxillary palpi shorter than the third. 19.0–26.0 mm.................................................................... Megacephalini Grammognatha euphratica armenica (Laporte, 1834)

2(1) Anterior angles of pronotum not projected towards the margin of prothorax ( Figs 7–12 View FIGS 6–13 ); the fourth joint of maxillary palpi longer than the third one.................................................................... Cicindelini (3)

3(4) Labrum unidentate in males, tridentate in females, with four submarginal setae ( Figs 29, 30 View FIGS 22–36 ); middle and hind femora with numerous short, hooked setae along posterior margin ( Fig. 14 View FIGS 14–21 )....................... Myriochila Motschulsky,1859 (5)

4(3) Labrum uni- ( Figs 22–28, 31–36 View FIGS 22–36 , 38–45 View FIGS 37–45 ) or tridentate ( Fig. 37 View FIGS 37–45 ) in both sexes, with at least six submarginal setae; all femora with long straight setae along posterior margin ( Figs 15–19 View FIGS 14–21 )................................................... 7

5(6) Central portion of hind coxae glabrous ( Fig. 20 View FIGS 14–21 ). 9.0–12.5 mm.................................................................................................. Myriochila (s. str.) melancholica melancholica (Fabricius, 1798)

6(5) Hind coxae completely pubescent ( Fig. 21 View FIGS 14–21 ). 9.0–12.0 mm.................. Myriochila (s. str.) orientalis (Dejean, 1825)

7(8) Genae and clypeus glabrous ( Figs 7–9, 11, 12 View FIGS 6–13 ) or with short decumbent white setae ( Fig. 13 View FIGS 6–13 , 36 View FIGS 22–36 ); labrum with single row of submarginal setae ( Figs 22, 23, 31–45 View FIGS 22–36 View FIGS 37–45 )................................................................... 17

8(7) Genae ( Fig. 10 View FIGS 6–13 ) and clypeus ( Figs 24–28 View FIGS 22–36 ) pilose; labrum with numerous setae sometimes arranged in submarginal and some additional irregular rows ( Figs 24–28 View FIGS 22–36 ).......................................... Calomera Motschulsky, 1862 (9)

9(10) Scape glabrous except for apical seta, rarely with 1–2 short additional setae; middle band sharply curved, complete ( Figs 52, 53 View FIGS 46–61 ), or with thin sometimes absent central portion ( Fig. 51 View FIGS 46–61 ).................................................. 13

10(9) Scape besides apical seta with few or numerous additional setae; middle band broken into two rounded spots and on short marginal strip ( Figs 49, 50 View FIGS 46–61 )............................................ Calomera littoralis (Fabricius, 1787) (11)

11(12) Ground colour cupreous-bronze ( Fig. 49 View FIGS 46–61 ); labrum narrower and longer ( Fig. 25 View FIGS 22–36 ), LW/LL = 2.3–2.6, base of median tooth in internal sac smooth, without additional spikes ( Figs 76 View FIGS 71–85 , 94, 95 View FIGS 94–97 ). 12.0–14.0 mm........................................................................................ Calomera littoralis conjunctaepustulata (Dokhtouroff, 1877)

12(11) Ground colour greenish ( Fig. 50 View FIGS 46–61 ), labrum wider and shorter ( Fig. 26 View FIGS 22–36 ), LW/LL = 2.65–2.85, base of median tooth in internal sac with 1–3 small additional spikes ( Figs 77 View FIGS 71–85 , 96, 97 View FIGS 94–97 ). 10.0–13.0 mm............. Calomera littoralis winkleri ( Mandl, 1934)

13(14) Humeral and apical lunulae complete, middle band complete with long marginal strip sometimes connected with apical lunule ( Figs 52, 53 View FIGS 46–61 )........................................................................................ 15

14(13) Humeral and often apical lunulae divided on two separate spots, middle band with rounded apical portion, thin sometimes absent central portion and short marginal strip present or absent ( Fig. 51 View FIGS 46–61 ). 8.0–12.0 mm................................................................................................ Calomera fischeri fischeri (Adams, 1817)

15(16) Lateral margins of elytra in females distinctly dilated near the middle. Aedeagus more elongate and distinctly less curved, with straight rounded tip ( Fig. 75 View FIGS 71–85 ). 11.0–14.0 mm................................... Calomera sturmi ( Ménétriés, 1832)

16(15) Lateral margins of elytra in females not dilated near the middle. Aedeagus clearly shorter, strongly curved, with hooked outside and knobbed inside tip ( Fig. 74 View FIGS 71–85 ). 8.0–12.0 mm.................................. Calomera caucasica (Adams, 1817)

17(18) Pro- and mesepisternum glabrous ( Fig. 12 View FIGS 6–13 ); each elytron often with 2–3 white spots: basal portion of humeral lunula, submarginal portion of middle band sometime with short, thin, oblique central portion and apical lunula lacking subsutural portion ( Fig. 54 View FIGS 46–61 ). 8.0–11.0 mm............................................................. Cylindera (s. str.) Westwood, 1831 Cylindera (s. str.) germanica germanica (Linné, 1758)

18(17) Pro- and mesepisternum pubescent ( Figs 7, 8, 11 View FIGS 6–13 ); each elytron with complete humeral and apical lunulae as well as middle band or with lunulae and middle band divided on two spots, submarginal portion of middle band always developed, short or long ( Figs 55–59 View FIGS 46–61 )................................................................................... 19

19(20) Both palpi pale except metallic-coloured apical palpomeres; thoracic segments and sides of ventrites densely covered by decumbent or semi-erect white setae; middle band long and sharply curved; internal sack with long flagellum.......... 21

20(19) Both palpi or only maxillary palpi metallic-coloured; thoracic segments and sides of ventrites with sparse long semi-erect setae; middle band moderately or slightly curved, rarely divided into separate spots; internal sack with short flagellum........................................................................................ Cicindela Linné, 1758 (33)

21(22) Labrum longer, LW/LL = 1.2–1.8, with wave-shaped or semicircular anterior margin and 6–8 submarginal setae ( Figs 22, 23 View FIGS 22–36 )................................................................... Cephalota (Taenidia) Rivalier, 1950 (23)

22(21) Labrum shorter, LW/LL = 1.8–2.75, with wavy-shaped or straighter anterior margin and 8–10 submarginal setae ( Figs 32–36 View FIGS 22–36 ).................................................................. Cylindera (Eugrapha) Rivalier, 1950 (25)

23(24) Labrum longer, LW/LL = 1.2–1.6, with semicircular anterior margin ( Fig. 22 View FIGS 22–36 ); elytra subparallel with pointed apices; white elytral pattern narrower, apical portion of medial band reaches only basal portion of apical lunule ( Fig. 47 View FIGS 46–61 ). 10.0–13.0 mm................................................. Cephalota (Taenidia) deserticola deserticola (Faldermann, 1836)

24(23) Labrum shorter, LW/LL = 1.7–1.8, with wave-shaped anterior margin ( Fig. 23 View FIGS 22–36 ); elytra slightly expanded in apical third with rounded apices; white elytral pattern wider, apical portion of medial band virtually reaches apical portion of apical lunule ( Fig. 48 View FIGS 46–61 ). 12.0–15.0 mm.............................. Cephalota (Taenidia) elegans elegans (Fischer von Waldheim, 1823)

25(26) Clypeus, frons, vertex and genae covered with short white hairs ( Figs 13 View FIGS 6–13 , 36 View FIGS 22–36 ). 8.0–9.0 mm.......................................................................... Cylindera (Eugrapha) sublacerata levithoracica (W. Horn, 1891)

26(25) Clypeus, frons, vertex and genae glabrous................................................................ 27

27(28) Elytra in both sexes ovate or with straight, subparallel sides indistinctly dilated towards to apex, basal portion of apical lunula short and straight ( Figs 55, 57 View FIGS 46–61 )......................................................................... 29

28(27) Elytra in females distinctly dilated in the middle part, in males smoothly dilated towards to apex, basal portion of apical lunula long and curved outward ( Figs 56, 58 View FIGS 46–61 )................................................................... 31

29(30) Elytra ovate, white elytral pattern very narrow, middle band with short, often straight vertical portion ( Fig. 55 View FIGS 46–61 ). 8.0–10.0 mm................................................... Cylindera (Eugrapha) arenaria nudoscripta (W. Horn, 1915)

30(29) Elytra with straight, subparallel sides indistinctly dilated towards to apex, white elytral pattern wider, middle band with long, sinuate vertical portion ( Fig. 57 View FIGS 46–61 ). 10.5–11.5 mm..................... Cylindera (Eugrapha) inscripta (Zoubkoff, 1833)

31(32) Lateral margins of elytra in females slightly expanded near the middle; humeral lunula with long vertical apical portion, middle band long, sharply curved, its vertical portion with large anterior loop ( Fig. 56 View FIGS 46–61 ). 8.0–12.0 mm................................................................... Cylindera (Eugrapha) contorta contorta (Fischer von Waldheim, 1828)

32(31) Lateral margins of elytra in females sharply dilated before the middle; humeral lunula with very small rounded apical portion, middle band short, its vertical portion without anterior loop ( Fig. 58 View FIGS 46–61 ). 7.5–9.0 mm............................................................................................. Cylindera (Eugrapha) litterifera (Chaudoir, 1842)

33(34) Both palpi metallic-coloured; vertex and occiput concave, scape with long apical setae and numerous short setae, elytral apex smooth or finely serrated, labrum longer; primary colour of dorsal aspect green, sometimes with bronze or cupreous tinge, rarely dark blue or black.............................................................................. 35

34(33) Only maxillary palpi metallic-coloured; vertex and occiput flat or slightly concave, scape besides long apical setae glabrous or with only a few short additional setae, elytral apex clearly serrated, labrum shorter, primary colour of dorsal aspect brown or bronze with greenish tinge, sometimes bluish-green, rarely entirely black....................................... 45

35(36) Labrum tridentate ( Fig. 37 View FIGS 37–45 ); each elytron with four sublateral spots, apical lunule reduced to a basal spot, middle band reduced to a short and broad transverse sublateral portion ( Fig. 67 View FIGS 62–70 ). 14.0–18.0 mm.............................................................................................. Cicindela (s. str.) asiatica asiatica Audoin et Brulle, 1839

36(35) Labrum unidentate ( Figs 38–45 View FIGS 37–45 ); each elytron with three to six spots, humeral and apical lunules as well as sinuate middle band either complete or divided into two separate spots ( Figs 62–66, 68–70 View FIGS 62–70 )......................................... 37

37(38) Elytra elongate, with subparallel sides; white elytral pattern consists of a humeral and apical lunulae sometimes divided into two separate spots and always a complete, relatively broad, smoothly sinuate middle band ( Figs 64–66 View FIGS 62–70 )............... 41

38(37) Elytra ovate, continuously rounded laterally; white elytral pattern usually presented by clearly separated spots, middle band sometimes has longitudinal lateral portion and rounded apical portion connected by weakly sinuate thin strip ( Figs 62, 63 View FIGS 62–70 ) 39

39(40) Middle band divided into short transverse submarginal and rounded apical portions ( Fig. 62 View FIGS 62–70 ). 12.0–15.0 mm............................................................ Cicindela (s. str.) campestris pontica Fischer von Waldheim, 1828

40(39) Transverse submarginal and rounded apical portions of middle band connected by weakly sinuate strip ( Fig. 63 View FIGS 62–70 ). 13.5–15.0 mm..................................................... Cicindela (s. str.) georgiensis georgiensis Deuve, 2011

41(42) Elytra noticeably flattened, strongly parallel sided ( Fig. 66 View FIGS 62–70 ); aedeagus longer with bend in the middle on concave side and elongated tip ( Fig. 89 View FIGS 86–93 ); internal sack longer, with very large left basi-lateral hump ( Fig. 100 View FIGS 98–102 ). 11.0–15.4 mm................................................................. Cicindela (s. str.) herbacea turkestanicoides W. Horn, 1938

42(41) Elytra not distinctly flattened, laterally more rounded ( Figs 64, 65 View FIGS 62–70 ); aedeagus shorter, without bend in the middle on concave side ( Figs 92, 93 View FIGS 86–93 ); internal sack shorter with smaller left basi-lateral hump ( Figs 98, 99 View FIGS 98–102 )............................ 43

43(44) Dorsal aspect green, sometimes greenish-blue and blue, rarely black; labrum shorter ( Fig. 40 View FIGS 37–45 ); scape besides long apical setae with 1–10 additional short setae; apical margins of elytra often smooth ( Fig. 64 View FIGS 62–70 ); aedeagus larger, with clearly curved apex ( Fig. 92 View FIGS 86–93 ); internal sack with larger left basi-lateral hump and longer median tooth with curved apex ( Fig. 98 View FIGS 98–102 ). 10.2–15.4 mm ……. Cicindela (s. str.) desertorum desertorum Dejean, 1825

44(43) Dorsal aspect cupreous-brown with greenish or bluish-green tinge, rarely brown-black; labrum longer ( Fig. 41 View FIGS 37–45 ); scape, except for long apical setae, glabrous, rarely with 1–3 short additional setae; apical margins of elytra finely serrated ( Fig. 65 View FIGS 62–70 ); aedeagus smaller, with relatively straight apex ( Fig. 93 View FIGS 86–93 ); internal sack with smaller left basi-lateral hump and shorter median tooth with slightly curved apex ( Fig. 99 View FIGS 98–102 ). 10.5–14.6 mm................ .. Cicindela (s. str.) talychensis talychensis Chaudoir, 1846

45(46) Mandibles large and stout, ML/MW = 4.0–5.0; white elytral pattern wide, always complete, middle band with long lateral portion sometimes connected with humeral and apical lunulae ( Fig. 70 View FIGS 62–70 ); aedeagus with long lanceolate apex ( Fig. 87 View FIGS 86–93 ); internal sac large with long or short median tooth, large and rounded ventro-apical, large left dorso-lateral, and rounded basal humps ( Fig. 102 View FIGS 98–102 ). 11.0–13.5 mm......................... Cicindela (s. str.) sahlbergii sahlbergii Fischer von Waldheim, 1824

46(45) Mandibles slender, ML/MW = 4.5–6.3; white elytral pattern narrow, complete or incomplete, middle band straight or smoothly sinuate, with or without short marginal portion ( Figs 68, 69 View FIGS 62–70 ); aedeagus with short indistinctly lanceolate apex ( Fig. 86 View FIGS 86–93 ); internal sack slender with long median tooth, small and curved apically ventro-apical, small left dorso-lateral, and longitudinal basal humps ( Fig. 101 View FIGS 98–102 ).............................................. Cicindela (s. str.) monticola Ménétriés, 1832 (47)

47(48) Elytral ground colour light, white elytral pattern wide, humeral lunula always complete, middle band wide, nearly straight ( Fig. 68 View FIGS 62–70 ); apex of aedeagus slender; internal sack with smaller basal hump. 11.6–13.8 mm....................................................................................... Cicindela (s. str.) monticola monticola Ménétriés, 1832

48(47) Elytra darker, white elytral pattern narrow, humeral lunula often divided into two separate spots, middle band narrow, slightly sinuate ( Fig. 69 View FIGS 62–70 ); apex of aedeagus wider; internal sack with larger basal hump. 11.0–13.6 mm................................................................................ Cicindela (s. str.) monticola tokatensis Chaudoir, 1863