Sphaenothecus Dupont, 1838

Key to genera closely allied to Sphaenothecus Dupont, 1838 View in CoL

1. Mesofemora carinate apically ( Fig. 6–7 View Figures 6–7 )..................................................... 2

— Femora not carinate apically............................................................... 3

2(1). Front short, antennal sockets close to base of mandibles with deep pits above postclypeus on either side below antennal insertion or with frontoclypeal sulcus deeply excavated ( Fig. 15a, c View Figures 12–15 ), pronotum and elytra tapered from base to apex; elytra with longitudinal ivory costae or vittae ( Fig. 15 View Figures 12–15 , 24, 25 View Figures 24–28 ); mandibles simple or narrowly emarginated at apices ( Fig. 15c View Figures 12–15 , 24a View Figures 24–28 ); metatarsi short, explanate ( Fig. 15 View Figures 12–15 ); mesosternum with intercoxal process prominently protruding above coxae, and abruptly declivous anteriorly ( Fig. 3 View Figures 3–5 )................................................ Sphaenothecus Dupont View in CoL

— Front subquadrate, vertical, antennal sockets well separated from base of mandibles ( Fig. 12–14 View Figures 12–15 ) without deep pits near base of mandibles or transverse excavation above postclypeus, front seamlessly fused with postclypeus or vaguely marked with narrow sulcus, pronotum rounded at sides with or without tubercles, elytra parallel-sided without distinct longitudinal costae or vittae; metatarsi cylindrical,

elongate ( Fig. 12, 13, 14 View Figures 12–15 ); mesosternum variable............................................

.................. genera not treated herein (e.g., Axestoleus Bates , Entomosterna Chevrolat ,

Gambria Chevrolat , Gortonia Hovore , and Parathetesis Linsley )

3(1). Mesosternum with intercoxal process prominently protruding above coxae, abruptly declivous anteriorly ( Fig. 4, 5 View Figures 3–5 , 29 View Figures 29–31 ).................................................................... 4

— Mesosternum with intercoxal process level with coxae, feebly convex, gradually declivous anteriorly ( Fig. 30–31 View Figures 29–31 ).............................................................................. 7

4(3). Pronotum moderately inflated, broad (L/W: 0.65–0.79), sides tuberculate; disc laterally excavate and dorsally callused with prominent median callus on posterior half, base transversely impressed behind median callus; metafemora extending to apex of abdomen or longer than elytral apices; scape and antennomeres III–XI externally carinate ( Fig. 32 View Figures 32–35 )..................... Cyphosterna Chevrolat View in CoL

— Pronotum convex or with basal 2/3 rd flattened or impressed, sides rounded, unarmed or obtusely angulate; disc lacking distinct callus ( Fig. 33–35 View Figures 32–35 ); metafemora falling short of elytral apices, not exceeding apex of fourth abdominal sternite; scape without carina or vaguely carinate externally, antennomere III without external carina or at most vaguely carinate near apices.......................... 5

5(4). Antennomeres I–V stout, densely clothed with short, suberect setae; head with pubescence moderately dense, dark, suberect; pronotal disc densely clothed with erect and depressed setae ( Fig. 27, 28 View Figures 24–28 , 19, 20 View Figures 16–23 , 33 View Figures 32–35 )................................................................. Zalophia Casey View in CoL

— Antennomeres I–V slender, thinly clothed with setae; head and pronotum sparsely clothed with setae ( Fig. 34–35 View Figures 32–35 )......................................................................... 6

6(5). Integument dark, glabrous, shiny; pronotum convex, sides shallowly rounded, unarmed ( Fig. 34 View Figures 32–35 ); each elytron with one or two longitudinal glabrous ivory-like vittae, apex with outer angle dentate; head convex, mid-cranial sulcus shallow or absent; antennal tubercles horizontal, level with mid-cranial sulcus ( Fig. 1 View Figures 1–2 , 22 View Figures 16–23 ); mandibles with sides arcuate (not angulated near base); genae short, lower eye lobe well separated from base of mandibles.................................. Lophalia Casey View in CoL

— Integument with coarse punctures; pronotum hexagonal with sides obtusely angulate, disc with basal 2/3 rd flattened or impressed ( Fig. 35 View Figures 32–35 ), sides above lateral tubercles vaguely impressed; each elytron with three longitudinal, glabrous costae, apex with exterior angle obtusely angulate or rounded; head with front declivous, mid-cranial sulcus deeply canaliculate; antennal tubercles moderate elevated, divergent ( Fig. 2 View Figures 1–2 , 21 View Figures 16–23 ); mandibles retracted with sides near base angulated; genae narrow between lower eye lobes and base of mandibles....................... Lophaliamorpha Eya , gen. nov.

7(3). Front declivous in middle, antennal tubercle divergent, integuments between tubercles forming a V-shaped valley sloping down to mid-cranial sulcus ( Fig. 16–18 View Figures 16–23 ); mandibles extended forward; first tarsomere of metatarsi usually subequal to or shorter than following two together ( Fig. 36–38 View Figures 36–39 ); female usually with antennae attaining body length or shorter; overall form stout (pronotum, L/W: 0.78–1.0 ×; elytra, L/W: 2.4–2.7 ×)...................................................... 8

— Front convex, subvertical to vertical, mid-cranial sulcus arcuated from postclypeus to vertex ( Fig. 23 View Figures 16–23 ), integument between antennal tubercles barely impressed; mandibles retracted, strongly angulated near base; first tarsomere of metatarsi narrow, elongate, longer or subequal to following two together ( Fig. 39a View Figures 36–39 ), pronotum with anterior margin without collar-like projection on sides ( Fig. 39b View Figures 36–39 ); female usually with antennae longer than body; overall form narrow, elongate (pronotum, L/W: 0.9–1.06 ×; elytra, L/W: 2.5–3.1 ×), punctures fine, sparsely pubescence........... Ischnocnemis Thomson View in CoL

8(7). Pronotum with anterior margin without collar-like projection on sides; pronotum with punctures coarse but shallow, discrete to subcontiguous ( Fig. 36b, 37b View Figures 36–39 )..................................... 9

— Pronotum with anterior margin with collar-like projection on sides; pronotum with punctures coarse, deep, and frequently confluent ( Fig. 38b–c View Figures 36–39 )........................... Mannophorus LeConte View in CoL

9(8). Pronotum with sides angulate, disc coarsely punctate and densely clothed with long, erect setae ( Fig. 36b–c View Figures 36–39 ), antennae black with distal antennomeres pale brown... Paramannophorus Eya , gen. nov.

— Pronotum with sides rounded, disc with punctures finer with short, erect pubescence ( Fig. 37b–c View Figures 36–39 ), antennae wholly black..................................... Microteroschema Eya , gen. nov.