Hypotrabala liviae, Friend & Sulak & Beavogui & Müller & Revay & Yakovlev & Saldaitis & Volkova & Prozorova & Prozorov, 2025

Diagnosis. Hypotrabala liviae sp. n. differs from:

1) H. neavei by darker colored forewing with more intense dark speckles (compare Figs 16–17 View Figures 16–24 and 2, 4–6, 8–9 View Figures 2–9 ), medially wider tegumen, shorter socius, wider valva, presence of apical plate on vesica (compare Figs 41–42 View Figures 40–42 and 27–30 View Figures 27–32 );

2) H. lunda by darker colored forewing with more intense dark speckles (compare Figs 16–17 View Figures 16–24 and 10, 13–15 View Figures 10–15 ), medially wider tegumen, shorter socius, wider valva, presence of apical plate on vesica (compare Figs 41–42 View Figures 40–42 and 31–34 View Figures 27–32 View Figures 33–35 );

3) H. pearlae sp. n. by darker colored forewing with much more intense dark speckles (compare Figs 16–17 and 18 View Figures 16–24 ), almost straight processes of the eighth sternite instead of laterally bent (compare Figs 41–42 and 40 View Figures 40–42 );

4) H. maryannae sp. n. by darker orange background color of male forewing (compare Figs 16– 17 and 19–20, 22–23 View Figures 16–24 ), narrower socia and wider valva, larger processes of the eighth sternite, presence of apical plate on vesica (compare Figs 41–42 View Figures 40–42 and 43–46 View Figures 43–46 ).

Description. Male ( Figs 16–17 View Figures 16–24 ). The flagellum is mottled, with yellow and orange scales. The head dorsally is orange. The patagium and mesoscutellum are mottled, with yellow, orange, and sparse brown scales. The mesoscutum is dark brown with sparse orange scales. The metascutellum is yellow with an orange medial area. The forewing is 21 mm long, elongate, somewhat triangular, with a slightly concave costal margin, a blunt apex, a rather smooth outer margin protruding at CuA2, and a rounded anal margin. The background color is orange, and straw in the anal area. The pattern consists of a faint brown basal line, a more or less pronounced double crenulate dark brown antemedial line, a reniform silverish medial spot with brown contour and more or less pronounced dark brown speckles in the medial field, a more or less pronounced brown crenulate postmedial line, a slightly wavy dashed dark brown subterminal line, a dark brown area expanding from under the discal spot towards subterminal line, and between Rs4 and 1A, and dark brown terminal field with small orange area along subterminal line and between Rs3 and CuA1, and sparse whitish speckles near tornal angle and along outer margin. The fringe is mottled, with dark brown, orange, and whitish scales. The hindwing is somewhat ovoid with a smooth outer margin. The background color is straw, getting more orangish along the anal margin and mottled, with brown, orange, and straw scales along the costal margin. The fringe is orangish-straw along the anal margin, straw along the outer margin, and mottled, with brown, orange, and straw scales along the costal margin. The abdomen dorsally is orangish-straw. The genitalia ( Figs 41–42 View Figures 40–42 ). The tegumen is a somewhat W-shaped ribbon; it medially bears a pair of elongate digitiform three-edged socia. The valva is claw-like with a blunt apex, slightly longer than the socia. The vinculum is split with the juxta into a pair of elongate, somewhat rectangular lobes. The juxta is a ribbon surrounding the phallus. The phallus is claw-like, upwardly bent, with a blunt apex, and dorsally has a wide opening for the vesica. The vesica is bag-like with a pair of longitudinal serrated plates going from the center of the opening towards the apex of the vesica, but not reaching it. The eighth sternite is a narrow plate with anterior and posterior medial concavities, a pair of heavily sclerotized straight posterior processes with blunt apices, and lateral elongate apodemes. Female unknown.

Distribution and biology. The type specimens were collected in October during the dry season within the central Zambezian wet miombo woodlands ecoregion in Malawi and dry miombo woodlands in Zimbabwe ( Olson et al. 2001, Dinerstein et al. 2017).

Etymology. The species is named in honor of Livia Horovitz (Bellmore, NY, USA), born 23 December 1937 in Debrecen, Hungary. Livia is a Holocaust survivor. At four, she was taken with her family to the ghetto in Debrecen, then transported to a ghetto in Vienna. Livia was then taken to the Stratford concentration camp at the age of four and a half, where she survived eating only grass for two years as the Nazi’s refused to feed prisoners younger than six years old. 28 members of Livia’s family were killed in Auschwitz. Livia was liberated by the Russian Army. Upon returning to Hungary, Livia’s parents housed and cared for 17 orphaned children. In 1957, Livia married Tibor Horovitz in Austria while escaping together from Hungary to the US. They settled in Rego Park, NY, and then moved to Bellmore, NY. Livia and Tibor had two daughters, Judy and Debbie. Sadly, Judy died of ovarian cancer in 2018. Tibor passed away in 2020. Livia has four grandsons: Alex, Evan, Austin, and Jared. They continue to live in Bellmore, NY, in a home with three generations.