Bagisarinae

4. Bagisarinae View in CoL are one of the most peculiar groups among the noctuids both in terms of larval morphology and adult genitalia features. Forbes (1954) classified them among his “isolated genera” within the Acronictinae . Although Crumb (1956) had previously elevated the group to subfamily level due to unusual larval features and proposed the name Bagisarinae, Franclemont and Todd (1983) recognised them as a tribe of the Acontiinae . All bagisarine larvae have vestigial or tiny tubercles or cylinders on A3 and A4 except Cosmophila Boisduval and Marcillada Walker , in which the prolegs on A4 are fully developed. The remaining prolegs’ uniordinal crochets are appendiculate and each has a large subapical tooth. In comparison to the basal segment, the third segment of the larval labial palp is at least three times longer. In the male genitalia, the valvae are typically fused together on the mesoventral (saccular) edge, making it impossible to spread them apart during dissection without causing harm or deformation. There is no noticeable juxta. A membranous apex, a rounded free distal end of an apparent costal sclerite, and one or two additional slender, elongate processes that may represent the clasper or digitus are typically present on each valva ( Ferguson 1997).