Aname carina Raven, 1985

Aname carina Raven, 1985 View in CoL

Figs 1 View Fig , 9 View Fig , 57–58 View Fig View Fig

Aname carina Raven, 1985: 390 View in CoL , figs 1, 17, 34, 64.

Diagnosis

Males of A. carina can be distinguished from all species for which males are known except A. calida sp. nov., A. cassowariensis sp. nov., A. harmoniosa sp. nov., A. robertsorum , and A. tropicana sp. nov. by a moderate to large body size (carapace length> 4.0 mm), and the presence of a long embolus (embolus length / bulb length> 1.5) that is thin, with a sharp bend near its base before a relatively straight distal section ( Fig. 57L–M View Fig ). Males of A. carina can be distinguished from those of A. calida , A. cassowariensis , and A. tropicana by the presence of a longer embolus (embolus length / bulb length>2) ( Fig. 57L– M View Fig ; cf. Figs 56 View Fig , 59 View Fig , 62 View Fig ). Males of A. carina can be distinguished from those of A. harmoniosa and A. robertsorum by the presence of a distally-positioned tibial spur (distance to spur/ tibia length ~0.71) ( Fig. 57P View Fig ; cf. Figs 60–61 View Fig View Fig ).

Females of A. carina can be distinguished from all species for which females are known except A. tropicana sp. nov. by the presence of bicoloured legs, with darker femurs and lighter distal segments, and spermathecae with two vesicles, with relatively long and straight lateral vesicles (lateral vesicle length / genitalia width>0.25) that are laterally angled, and medial vesicles that are shorter or about equal in length to the lateral vesicles, and curve gradually from a medial to a lateral angle ( Fig. 58J–L View Fig ). Females of A. carina can be distinguished from those of A. tropicana by the presence of spermathecae with longer medial vesicles (medial vesicle length/ lateral vesicle length ~ 1; cf. ~ 0.7 in A. tropicana ) ( Fig. 58L View Fig ; cf. Fig. 63 View Fig ).

Type material

Holotype

AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Forty Mile Scrub National Park ; 18°05′ S, 144°53′ E; 10 Apr. 1978; R.J. Raven leg.; QMB S1253 View Materials .

GoogleMaps

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 3 ♀♀; Forty Mile Scrub National Park ; 18°05′ S, 144°53′ E; 10 Apr. 1978; R.J. Raven leg.; QMB S1254 View Materials • 5 ♀♀; Forty Mile Scrub National Park ; 18°05′ S, 144°53′ E; 9–14 Apr. 1978; R. J. Raven leg.; QMB S1255 View Materials GoogleMaps .

GoogleMaps

Other material examined

AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 2 ♂♂; Atherton ; 17°16′ S, 145°25′ E; 22 Sep. 1993; D. Stewart leg.; QMB S118368 View Materials GoogleMaps • 2 ♂♂; Atherton ; 17°16′ S, 145°25′ E; 22 Sep. 1993; D. Stewart leg.; QMB S22457 GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; Gold Finch Road , SE of Herberton; 17°24′ S, 145°25′ E; 890 m a.s.l.; 12 May 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; excavated, open burrow on bank; QMB S118323 View Materials GoogleMaps • 1 juv.; Gold Finch Road , SE of Herberton; 17°24′ S, 145°25′ E; 885 m a.s.l.; 12 May 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; excavated, open burrow on ground; QMB S118324 View Materials GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Forty Mile Scrub National Park ; 18°04′ S, 144°52′ E; 8 Dec. 2002 – 10 Feb. 2003; G.B. Monteith leg.; pitfall trap, vine scrub; QMB S73864 View Materials GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Forty Mile Scrub National Park ; 18°05′ S, 144°51′ E; 25 Jul.–1 Dec. 1992; R.J. Raven, P. Lawless, E. Lawless and M. Shaw leg.; pitfall trap, vine scrub; QMB S24426 GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Forty Mile Scrub National Park ; 18°05′ S, 144°51′ E; 1 Dec. 1992 – 15 Apr. 1993; R.J. Raven leg.; pitfall trap, vine scrub; QMB S33633 GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Forty Mile Scrub National Park ; 18°05′ S, 144°51′ E; 6 Nov. 1991 – 25 Jul. 1992; R.J. Raven, P. Lawless and M. Shaw leg.; pitfall trap, vine scrub; QMB S57969 GoogleMaps • 1 juv.; Forty Mile Scrub National Park, off Kennedy Highway ; 18°05′ S, 144°52′ E; 755 m a.s.l.; 13 May 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; vine scrub; QMB S118334 View Materials GoogleMaps • 1 juv.; Forty Mile Scrub National Park, off Kennedy Highway ; 18°05′ S, 144°52′ E; 756 m a.s.l.; 13 May 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; vine scrub; QMB S118333 View Materials GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; Forty Mile Scrub National Park, off Kennedy Highway ; 18°06′ S, 144°49′ E; 766 m a.s.l.; 13 May 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; excavated, open burrow on ground, vine scrub; QMB S118337 View Materials GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Forty Mile Scrub National Park ; 18°07′ S, 144°49′ E; 8 Dec. 2002 – 10 Feb. 2003; G.B. Monteith leg.; QMB S118367 View Materials GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Forty Mile Scrub National Park ; 18°07′ S, 144°49′ E; 8 Dec. 2002 – 10 Feb. 2003; G.B. Monteith leg.; pitfall trap, vine scrub; QMB S95241 GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; Forty Mile Scrub National Park, off Kennedy Highway ; 18°07′ S, 144°50′ E; 772 m a.s.l.; 13 May 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; excavated, open burrow on ground, vine scrub; QMB S118335 View Materials GoogleMaps • 1 juv.; Forty Mile Scrub National Park, off Kennedy Highway ; 18°07′ S, 144°49′ E; 768 m a.s.l.; 13 May 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; excavated, open burrow on ground, vine scrub; QMB S118336 View Materials GoogleMaps .

Description

Male (QMB S95241)

GENERAL ( Fig. 57A–Q View Fig ). Body length 24.80, in good condition, colour presumably faded due to preservation.

DORSAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 57A, E–F View Fig ). Carapace length 8.95, width 7.52, length/width 1.19, clypeus to fovea length/carapace length 0.72, caput width/carapace width 0.64, carapace red-brown, caput slightly darker than thorax, reflective setae present, moderate on caput, light on thorax, fovea procurved, fovea width/carapace length 0.14 ( Fig. 57A, F View Fig ); chelicerae dark red-brown, rastellum absent or inconspicuous, chelicerae length/carapace length 0.68 ( Fig. 57A View Fig ); eye group rectangular, width/length 1.88, eye tubercle present ( Fig. 57E View Fig ).

ABDOMEN ( Fig. 57B, D View Fig ). Abdomen length 8.69, light grey, dorsal pattern absent, with consistent cover of short setae.

VENTRAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 57C, G–I View Fig ). Labium cuspules absent ( Fig. 57H View Fig ); maxillae heel distinct, cuspules present, count =about 100, extending posteriorly onto heel, extending laterally about 45% of maxillae length ( Fig. 57C, I View Fig ); coxae cuspules absent, thorn-like setae on prolateral face present ( Fig. 57C, I View Fig ); sternum length/width 1.18, central sternum with consistent covering of moderate setae, row of longer setae around posterior edges ( Fig. 57G–H View Fig ); posterior sigilla ovoid, central sternum to posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.19, posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.15 ( Fig. 57G–H View Fig ); other sigilla small, round and lateral ( Fig. 57G–H View Fig ).

LEG I ( Fig. 57N–Q View Fig ). Leg I red-brown, femur length 7.36, patella length 4.69, tibia length 5.35, metatarsus length 5.37, tarsus length 3.04, total length 25.81, leg I length/carapace length 2.88 ( Fig. 57N–O View Fig ); scopulae on distal metatarsus and tarsus ( Fig. 57N–O View Fig ); spine count Fe D 0, Fe PL 1, Pa PL 2, Ti PL 0, Ti RL 0, Me PL 0, Me RL 0, Ta 0 ( Fig. 57N–O View Fig ); tibia length/width [TIL/TID] 3.12, widening from proximal end to spur before narrowing again towards distal end, spur present, intermediate triangular/ digitiform, knuckle absent, megaspine angled at 25 degrees, length to distal face of spur/tibia length [TIS/TIL] 0.71, spur height/tibia width [TISH/TID] 0.67, megaspine length/tibia length 0.20 ( Fig. 57N– P View Fig ); metatarsus relatively straight, proximal excavation present, excavation straight with inconspicuous heel, heel rounded, excavation length/metatarsus length [MIPEL/MIL] 0.43, metatarsus length/width [MIL/MID] 4.16 ( Fig. 57N–O, Q View Fig ).

PEDIPALP ( Fig. 57J–M View Fig ). Tibia length 4.06, width 1.66, length/width [PTL/PTD] 2.44, asetose depression present, depression length/palp tibia length [PDL/PTL] 0.61, retrolateral face with short, thorn-like setae along retrolateral edge of depression, getting denser proximally, ventral face with two elongate bristle-like setae below depression, prolateral face with two disto-ventral spines, disto-medial spine absent ( Fig. 57J–K View Fig ); patella prolateral face with 2 spines ( Fig. 57J–K View Fig ); cymbium with scopulae present distally ( Fig. 57J–K View Fig ); copulatory organ total length 2.34, length/palp tibia length 0.58 ( Fig. 57L–M View Fig ); bulb length/width 0.96 ( Fig. 57L–M View Fig ); embolus slightly reflexed, attenuate, very thin, protruding laterally with strong basal curve, one strong bend, at about 0.3 of length, slight bend before tip, width at base/ bulb width 0.26, embolus length/bulb length 2.10 ( Fig. 57L–M View Fig ).

Female (holotype, QMB S1253)

GENERAL ( Fig. 58A–L View Fig ). Body length 26.69, in moderate condition, colour faded significantly due to preservation.

DORSAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 58A, E–F View Fig ). Carapace length 9.68, width 8.27, length/width 1.17, clypeus to fovea length/carapace length 0.73, caput width/carapace width 0.76, carapace orange-brown, reflective setae present, light on caput, light on thorax, fovea procurved, fovea width/carapace length 0.17 ( Fig. 58A, F View Fig ); chelicerae red-brown, rastellum absent or inconspicuous, chelicerae length/carapace length 0.64 ( Fig. 58A View Fig ); eye group rectangular, width/length 2.13, eye tubercle present ( Fig. 58E View Fig ).

ABDOMEN ( Fig. 58B, D View Fig ). Abdomen length 11.23, brown, dorsal pattern absent, with consistent cover of short setae.

VENTRAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 58C, G–I View Fig ). Labium cuspules absent ( Fig. 58H View Fig ); maxillae heel distinct, cuspules present, count =about 185, extending posteriorly onto heel, extending laterally about 50% of maxillae length ( Fig. 58C, I View Fig ); coxae cuspules absent, thorn-like setae on prolateral face present ( Fig. 58C, I View Fig ); sternum length/width 1.27, central sternum with consistent covering of moderate setae, row of longer setae around posterior edges ( Fig. 58G–H View Fig ); posterior sigilla semi-elongate, central sternum to posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.19, posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.17 ( Fig. 58G–H View Fig ); other sigilla small and lateral, medial sigilla semi-elongate, anterior sigilla round ( Fig. 58G–H View Fig ).

LEG I ( Fig. 58J–K View Fig ). Leg I orange-brown, darker on femur, femur length 7.68, patella length 5.27, tibia length 5.11, metatarsus length 5.14, tarsus length 2.95, total length 26.15, leg I length/carapace length 2.70; scopulae on distal metatarsus and tarsus; spine count Fe D 1, Fe PL 1 (rubbed off), Pa PL 2 (both rubbed off), Ti PL 3, Ti RL 4, Me PL 1, Me RL 2, Ta 0; tibia length/width [TIL/TID] 3.04.

GENITALIA ( Fig. 58D, L View Fig ). Epigastric furrow unmodified ( Fig. 58D View Fig ); spermathecae with two vesicles each ( Fig. 58L View Fig ); lateral vesicle relatively straight, length 0.78, lateral vesicle length/genitalia width 0.33, length/width at base 1.43, crown un-demarcated ( Fig. 58L View Fig ); medial vesicle long and curving evenly from medial to lateral angle, medial vesicle length/genitalia width 0.32, length/width 2.79, medial vesicle length/lateral vesicle length 0.98 ( Fig. 58L View Fig ).

Distribution and natural history

Aname carina occurs in northern Queensland, in the Einasleigh Uplands and Wet Tropics bioregions, and is known from two areas, in and around the Forty Mile Scrub National Park, and further east near the town of Herberton ( Fig. 9 View Fig ). It constructs an open, silk-lined burrow without silk outside of the entrance, often at an angle, and with a hidden secondary ‘wishbone’ entrance ( Fig. 9 View Fig ).

Remarks

Two disjunct populations of this species are known, one near Forty Mile Scrub (the type locality), and another closer to the coast, near Herberton. Despite differences in the average size of individuals from these two populations, both genitalic morphology and genetics (COI average pairwise divergence of 5.26%) strongly indicate that they are the same species.