Granorotalia Benedetti, Di Carlo & Pignatti, 2011

Genus Granorotalia Benedetti, Di Carlo & Pignatti, 2011 View in CoL

Granorotalia Benedetti, Di Carlo & Pignatti, 2011: 710 View in CoL . — Benedetti, Di Carlo & Pignatti in Sirel & Deveciler 2017: 70.

Neorotalia Bermúdez View in CoL in Hottinger, 2014: 154.

TYPE SPECIES. — Granorotalia sublobata Benedetti, Di Carlo & Pignatti, 2011 by monotypy.

DESCRIPTION

Test is asymmetric biconvex, much swollen and ornamented on ventral side ( Figs 4K, M View FIG ; 6C, D View FIG ; 7C, E View FIG ; Benedetti et al. 2011: figs 14b 2, e 2, g). Test surface is covered by coarse beads and small papillas on both dorsal and ventral side ( Figs 4 View FIG I-M; 6B-D; 7C-E; Benedetti et al. 2011: figs 14a-g). Small pseudospines may appear at the periphery ( Figs 6C, E, J, K View FIG ; 7D, F, G, J, L View FIG ; Benedetti et al. 2011: fig. 11a, figs 13d-e). Chambers are arranged involute low trochospiral and may become evolute at the last whorl on the dorsal side ( Figs 4I, L View FIG ; 6B, E, M View FIG ; 7F, J, L, N View FIG ; Benedetti et al. 2011: figs 11a, c, 14b 1, e 1). Sutures on the last whorl are slightly depressed and generate interlocular space leading to a simple intraseptal canal ( Figs 6A, H View FIG ; 7A, G, I, O View FIG ; Benedetti et al. 2011: figs 11b, d-e). Solid pillars are pierced by vertical canals (funnels) ( Figs 6 View FIG E-G, I-N; 7B, F, H, J-N; Benedetti et al. 2011: figs 11a, c, 13a-f). Tooth plate covers the base of the chamber lumen, also it produces spiral canal ( Figs 6H View FIG ; 7I View FIG ). Wall calcareous, perforate and lamellar in pillars, aperture interiomarginal. Connection between chambers is provided by single intercameral foramina ( Fig. 6H View FIG ).

DISCUSSION

Granorotalia View in CoL is a simple rotaliid with asymmetric biconvex test, granulated surface on both dorsal and ventral side, small pseudospines emerging from the periphery. It was first described by Benedetti et. al. (2011) with Ornatorotalia View in CoL (type species: O. spinosa Benedetti, Di Carlo & Pignatti, 2011 View in CoL [ Benedetti et al. 2011: 705]; Fig. 4G, H View FIG ) from Cuisian deposits of Monte Bosco formation. Both are common in some generic charateristics, yet Ornatorotalia View in CoL has spines with spinal canals (only see in O. spinosa View in CoL ), well developed radial and bifurcate intraseptal canals connected to the marginal openings (canal orifices) ( Benedetti et al. 2011: figs 4.g-h, 7.a 1-2 -d; Sirel & Deveciler 2017: 69-70, figs 5A, C, pl. 2, figs 4-7, 9, 11, pl. 3, figs 1, 5). Also it differs from Neorotalia Bermúdez, 1952 View in CoL (type species: Rotalia mexicana Nuttall, 1928 View in CoL , synonym of? Rotalia burdigalesis d’Orbigny, 1852 in Hayward et al. 2022; Fig. 4 View FIG A-C) and Pararotalia Le Calvez, 1949 species (type species: Pararotalia inermis (Terquem, 1882) View in CoL in Le Calvez [1949: 32]; Fig. 4 View FIG D-F) by having granules (papillas and beads) on both dorsal and ventral sides.

Hayward et al. (2024) have transferred Granorotalia View in CoL and Ornatorotalia View in CoL to Pararotaliinae View in CoL subfamily under Calcarinidae View in CoL family. Calcarinidae View in CoL mostly represents well-developed canaliculated spine bearing taxa with elaborated canal system ( Loeblich & Tappan 1987; Holzmann & Pawlowski 2017). Granorotalia View in CoL and Ornatorotalia View in CoL can be related to Calcarinidae View in CoL for having pustulated surface, true spine with canals or hallow pseudospines, pillars pierced by funnels, spiral and interseptal canals, but they are different from the members of Pararotalinae due to their generic elements. Therefore, Ornatorotaliinae subfamily has been adopted for low trochospiral coiling with coarse pustules, and the other mentioned characteristics.