Chamaesphecia (Scopulosphecia) schmidtiiformis (Freyer, 1836)

Chamaesphecia (Scopulosphecia) schmidtiiformis (Freyer, 1836) View in CoL ( Figs 1–23 View Figures 1–6 View Figures 7–12 View Figures 13–18 View Figures 19–20 View Figures 21–22 View Figure 23 )

‘[ Sesia .] ... Schmidtiiformis .’ [Freyer 1836] – Freyer 1833 –1836: 140, Tab. 182, Fig. 1 View Figures 1–6 . Type locality: ‘... bei Fiume.’ [= Croatia: vicinity of Rijeka]. Type material: lost ( Špatenka et al. 1999: 333).

Records for Crimea. Wutshetitsch 1917: 39 ( Sesia (Chamaesphecia) chalciformis schmidtiiformis ); Špatenka et al. 1999: 333, pl. 48, figs 403, 404; pl. 49, figs 405, 406; text-figs 235, 463, map; Budashkin 2004: 342; Budashkin 2006: 273; Savchuk 2025; iNaturalist 2025.

Description. Males and females have some differences in the colouration of the head and fore legs only, but females are somewhat larger and more robust than males. The main sizes are as follows. Males: wingspan 16.2–23.1 mm; body length 8.6–13.0 mm; forewing length 7.1–10.2 mm; length of antenna 4.6–6.2 mm. Females: wingspan 21.0– 23.5 mm; body length 11.5–13.2 mm; forewing length 9.2–10.6 mm; length of antenna 6.1–6.8 mm.

Head with antenna and frons black with bright greenish-blue sheen; vertex black with dark violet sheen; labial palpus black mixed with white scales in male and entirely snow-white in female; pericephalic hairs orange dorsally and black laterally.

Thorax with patagium black with bright greenish sheen; tegula black with bright greenish-violet sheen, with admixture of red-orange scales in female; mesothorax black with bright dark violet sheen; metathorax black with bright greenish sheen; thorax laterally black with bright greenish-violet sheen; posteriorly, both metepimeron and metameron dark gray-brown with dark violet sheen, covered with dark brown hair-like scales.

Legs with fore coxa black with violet sheen and several white scales at external margin in male and snow-white in female; all femura black with bright greenish-violet sheen; mid and hind tibiae with large brick-red spot medially; all spurs white with golden tint; all tarsi dorsally dark brown to black with greenish sheen and ventrally white with golden tint in male and black with greenish sheen in female.

Forewing with costal margin an extremely narrow outer margin black with bright greenish sheen; discal spot brick-red with rounded black spot with bright greenish-violet sheen medially; remaining opaque parts brick-red; transparent areas poorly-developed and densely covered with hyaline scales with bluish tint; posterior transparent area short and narrow in male and undeveloped in female; external transparent area with rounded distal margin, divided into four or five cells; cilia brown with bronze sheen.

Hindwing transparent; veins brick-red in male and brick-red with admixture of black scales with dark violet sheen in female; discal spot cuneiform, reaching base of common stem M 3 –CuA 1, black with dark violet sheen; outer margin extremely narrow, black with dark violet sheen; cilia brown with bronze sheen.

Abdomen black with bright greenish sheen; tergite 4 with narrow white stripe distally; anal tuft black with bright greenish-blue sheen, with brick-red medial part.

Male genitalia (genitalia preparation № OG-014–2021) ( Figs 14–18 View Figures 13–18 ). Tegumen-uncus complex ( Fig. 14 View Figures 13–18 ) relatively narrow; scopula androconialis present in form of specialized setae on venro-distal margin of uncus; crista gnathi medialis long; crista gnathi lateralis suboval, long, but shorter and slightly narrower than crista gnathi medialis ( Fig. 14 View Figures 13–18 ); valva trapeziform ( Fig. 15 View Figures 13–18 ) with somewhat elongated apex, crista sacculi bent, densely covered with strong bilobed apically setae; ventral crista small covered with strong flat-topped setae; sclerotized crista long; saccus ( Fig. 16 View Figures 13–18 ) rather broad, flattened basally, short, about 1.5 times as long as vinculum; aedeagus ( Fig. 17 View Figures 13–18 ) rather slender, slightly bisinuate, about 1.25 times as long as valva; vesica ( Fig. 18 View Figures 13–18 ) with two cornuti.

Female genitalia (genitalia preparation № OG-015–2021) ( Fig. 13 View Figures 13–18 ). Papillae anales relatively large, well-sclerotized, with numerous setae; posterior and anterior apophysis nearly of equal length; tergite 8 relatively broad, well-sclerotized, with sparse setae at distal half; lamella postvaginalis welldeveloped, lamella antevaginalis undeveloped; ostium bursae well-sclerotized, slightly funnel-shaped, opening on intersegmental membrane between segments 7 and 8; antrum tubular, well-sclerotized, long, about 0.5 times as long as anterior apophysis; ductus bursae broad, membranous, but slightly sclerotized medially, about twice as long as antrum; corpus bursae ovoid without signa.

Differential diagnosis. This species is very similar in appearance to Ch. (S.) chalciformis (Esper, 1804) , but differs from it in the presence of a thin white stripe at the end of the 4th abdominal tergite, although in old and poorly preserved specimens these scales may be lost. In addition, Ch. (S.) schmidtiiformis is usually larger and flies much earlier, from about mid-May, while the beginning of the flight period of Ch. (S.) chalciformis occurs in the second half of June. The host plants of the larvae of these two species belong to different genera of the family Lamiaceae . The larvae of Ch. (S.) schmidtiiformis feed in the roots of sages of the genus Salvia , while the larvae of Ch. (S.) chalciformis live in the roots of Origanum spp. ( Lamiaceae ). The differences in the genitalia of both males and females of these two species are minor (cf. Figs 13–18 View Figures 13–18 in this article with figs 235, 236, 463 and 464 in Špatenka et al. 1999).

Bionomics. The only host plant of Ch. (S.) schmidtiiformis in the Crimea that we found was Salvia nutans L. ( Lamiaceae ) ( Fig. 21 View Figures 21–22 ), although in other parts of its range this species was also noted on roots of S. verticillata L., S. sclarea L. and S. syriaca L. ( Špatenka et al. 1996, 1999; Laštůvka & Laštůvka 2001). The larva of this species lives in a root for one year. In spring it pupates in a tunnel without constucting a cocoon in the lower part of the previous year’s dry stem. Aduls emerge from the second half of May until the end of June.

Habitat. Steppe, meadow-steppe and other open xerothermic biotopes with the obligatory presence of host plants of the genus Salvia ( Lamiaceae ) ( Fig. 22 View Figures 21–22 ).

Distribution. Relatively locally in Southern ( Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia), South-Eastern ( Romania, Bulgaria, Greece and the European part of Turkey) and Eastern Europe ( Ukraine), Western Asia ( Turkey, Iran), Transcaucasia ( Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan) and Central Asia ( Turkmenistan). In Russia, this species is currently reliably known in Zaporozh’ye Region, Kherson Region, Donetsk People’s Republic and Republic of Crimea, Rostov Region, Republic of Kalmykia and Krasnodarskiy Kray. On the Crimean Peninsula ( Fig. 23 View Figure 23 ) Ch. (S.) schmidtiiformis was found in nine administrative-territorial units, viz. Republic of Crimea: Chernomorskoye District, Simferopol’ District, Simferopol’, Belogorsk District, Yalta, Sudak, Feodosiya, Lenino District; and the city of Sevastopol’. In this publication we record this species for the Chernomorskoye District, Belogorsk District, Yalta and Sudak and the Federal City of Sevastopol’ for the first time.

Material.

Republic of Crimea: 1 ♂, Feodosiya, Karadag, 23. V.1915, W. Wutschetitsch leg. ( ZISP); 1 ♀, Yalta, Kikineiz, 24. V.1927, V. V. Borovskiy leg. ( ZISP); 1 ♀, Leninskoye District, Kazantip, 8. VI.1952, A. Bogachyov leg. ( ZISP); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Chernomorskoye District, Cape Tarkhankut, 2. VI.1985, I.G. Plyushch leg. ( COGM); 1 ♀, same locality, 20. VI.1985, I.G. Plyushch leg. ( COGM); 1 ♀, Sudak, Vesyoloye, 20. V.1989, K.A. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Sudak, Dachnoye, 44°53.285′ N, 034°59.214′ E, 95 m, 9.IV.1990, ex larvae from roots of Salvia nutans ( Lamiaceae ), moths emerged 15– 20. V.1990, O.G. Gorbunov & K.A. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0391-0398–2014 ( COGM); 1 ♀, Chernomorskoye District, Dzhangul’, 13. VI.1995, K.A. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 2 ♀♀, Kerch’, Opasnoye, 45°21.249′ N, 034°30.515′ E, 26. V.2018, P. V. Ruchko leg. ( CPRK); 1 ♀, Simferopol’ District, Obryv, 26. V.2000, S.K. Efetov leg. ( CKES); 1 ♀, Chernomorskoye District, vic. Chernomorskoye, 3. VI.2001, A.G. Kotenko leg. ( CKES); 1 ♀, Simferopol’ District, Obryv, 8. VI.2001, K.A. Efetov leg. ( CKES); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (in copula), Simferopol’, Bitak, 44°56.815′ N, 034°8.724′ E, 330 m, 27. V.2006, K.A. Efetov leg. ( CKES); 4 ♂♂, Feodosiya, Podgornoye, Mt. Uzun-Syrt, 45°00.337′ N, 035°15.407′ E, 153 m, 22. V.2017, O.G. Gorbunov & K.A. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0129-0136–2017 ( COGM); 1 ♂, same locality, 45°00.26′ N, 035°15.58′ E, 147 m, 12. V.2018, O.G. Gorbunov & K.A. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0181-0182–2018 ( COGM); 9 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Belogorsk District, 5 km W of Belogorsk, 45°03.95′ N, 034°30.06′ E, 315 m, 16. V.2018, O.G. Gorbunov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0183-0210–2018; 1 ♂ with genitalia preparation № OG-014–2021, 1 ♀ with genitalia preparation № OG-015–2021 ( COGM); 1 ♂, Feodosiya, Podgornoye, Mt. Uzun-Syrt, 45°00.26′ N, 035°15.58′ E, 147 m, 17. V.2018, O.G. Gorbunov & K.A. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0179-0180–2018 ( COGM); 1 ♀, Belogorsk District, Sary-Kaya, 45°06.007′ N, 034°33.024′ E, 243 m, 20. VI.2021, O.G. Gorbunov & K.A. Efetov leg. ( COGM), 1 ♀, Feodosiya, Podgornoe, Mt. Uzun-Syrt, 45°0.170′ N, 035°15.546′ E, 115 m, 28. V.2022, O.G. Gorbunov & K.A. Efetov leg. ( COGM).

Federal City of Sevastopol’: 1 ♀, Savastopol’, Inkerman , 18.V.1908, V. G. Pliginskiy leg. ( ZISP) .

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to Dr Sergey K. Efetov (Moscow, Russia), Dr Igor’ G. Plyushch (Kiev, Ukraine), Mr Pavel V. Ruchko (Kerch’, Russia) and Mr Alexey N. Zamesov (Moscow, Russia) for their assistance in collecting material of clearwing moths. We are also grateful to Dr Aleksey Yu. Matov and Dr Sergey Yu. Sinev (St. Petersburg, Russia) for the opportunity to work with the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Many thanks to Prof. Dr Andrey V. Yena (Simferopol, Russia) for his help in determining the host plants of the Crimean Sesiidae and participation in collecting trips. We are also indebted to Mr Matvey M. Kaurov (Simferopol, Crimea) and Dr Anatoly V. Krupitsky (Moscow, Russia) for carefully checking the English of an advanced draft .

The study of the first author was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project No. 1022061500172-3-1.6.19).

The research was conducted using the equipment of the Electron Microscopy Room of the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia).

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