Dardanus arrosor (Herbst, 1796)

Dardanus arrosor (Herbst, 1796) View in CoL

( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 )

The synonymy of Dardanus arrosor is considerable. For the period posterior to 1900, only a selection of references of major importance or of regional interest is given.

Cancer arrosor Herbst, 1796: 170 , pl. 43 fig. 1 (in colour) [ type locality: not given].

Pagurus strigosus Bosc, 1801: 77 , pl. 11 fig. 3 [ type locality: "se trouve en Méditerranée"]; Bosc & Desmarest 1830a: 325; 1830b: pl. 11 fig. 3.

Pagurus striatus Latreille, 1803: 165 [ type locality: "Il se trouve dans la Méditerranée"]; Risso 1816: 54; 1827: 38; Desmarest 1823: 288; 1825: 178; Roux 1828: pl. 10; H. Milne Edwards 1836: 270 (early synonymy); 1837: 218; O.G. Costa & A. Costa 1838 –1871, foglia 29: 7 [year of publication unknown ( D'Erasmo 1949)]; Lucas 1840: 161; De Haan 1849: 206, pl. 49 fig. 1; Heller 1863: 174; Stalio 1877: 81; Carus 1885: 494; Bouvier 1896: 8, figs 8, 44; Acloque 1899: 153; Alcock 1905: 92 (discussion); Stimpson 1907: 206 (nomenclature discussion: striatus vs arrosor ).

Pagurus incisus Olivier, 1811: 641 ; pl. 9, fig. 1. [ type locality: not given]; Lamarck 1818: 220; Audouin 1826: 90; 1827: 273.

Aniculus chiltoni Thompson, 1930: 265 View in CoL , pl. 61 figs a–e [ type locality: New Zealand, " 50 miles east of Wreck Reef   GoogleMaps , 65–183 fath[om]s"; coordinates of Wreck Reef: 47°06'00"S, 168°16'00"E (https://www.geonames.org/2178941/wreck-reef.html), which means that the type locality is situated at about 47°06'S, 169°10'E].

Hermites. — Savigny 1826a: pl. 9 fig. 1; 1826b: pl. 9 fig. 1.

Petrochirus arrosor . — Rathbun 1900: 302.

Dardanus arrosor View in CoL . — Rathbun in Stimpson 1907: 206 (footnote); Schmitt 1926: 46, fig. 69B, E, H; Zariquiey Álvarez 1949: 105 (description of colour pattern); Barnard 1950: 422 (key), 423, fig. 79a; Forest 1955: 90, fig. 19; Bourdillon-Casanova 1960: 120, fig. 40 (larvae); Dechancé 1961: 529 (larvae); Makarov 1962: 159, pl. 1 fig. 1; Neves 1977: 165, fig. 5A; Miyake 1978: 56 (key), 57 (ubi syn.), fig. 20, pl. 1 fig. 5; 1991: 107, pl. 36 fig. 3; Müller 1984: 44, 58, pl. 17 fig. 5 (fossil); Baba et al. 1986: 185, 295, unnumbered colour photograph p. 184; Ingle 1993: 29 (key), 55 (ubi syn.), figs 17–20; Yamaguchi & Baba 1993: 273, fig. 72, pl. 22 fig. a; Barnich 1995:147 (list of all references on larvae), fig. 32 (larva); González Pérez 1995: 143, photos 82–83; K. Sakai 1999: 10, pl. 2D [ lectotype designation; confirmation that the type locality is unknown]; Forest et al. 2000: 81 (ubi syn.), fig. 26; Poore 2004: 256 (key), 257, fig. 71i–j, pl. 15 fig. c; Asakura 2006: 32, figs 25–26; McLaughlin et al. 2007: 74 (key), 76 (ubi syn.), unnumbered photographs; Guinot & Cleva 2009: 141 (ubi syn.), pl. 9 fig. 1; Kuiter & Debelius 2009: 198–199, unnumbered colour photographs; Martin 2010: 188, unnumbered photo; Kim & Kim 2014: 11, fig. 3; Moro et al. 2014: 47, photo 67; de Matos-Pita & Ramil 2015: 159 View Cited Treatment , fig. 5; Emmerson 2016: 138, unnumbered photo; Landschoff 2018: 142, fig. 8.7 A–B; Poggiani 2018: 109, figs 1–3 (pp. 109–110); Almón et al. 2023: 7, figs 3A, 16D (colour pattern); 2025: 4, fig. 1e–f.

Pagurus arrosor . — A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1900: 178; Alcock 1905: 168 (synonymy, in part); Pesta 1912: 107; 1918: 213 (key), 214, fig. 65; Nobre 1931: 230, figs 128–233; 1936: 143 (key), 144, pl. 50 figs 126–128; Bouvier 1940: 124, fig. 82.

Dardanus arrosor ssp. divergens . — Zariquiey Álvarez 1952: 21, figs 1–2.

Dardanus arrosor arrosor . — Forest & de Saint Laurent 1968: 92, pl. 1 figs 1, 3.

non Pagurus arrosor var. divergens Moreira 1906: 13 , pl. 4 fig. 1.

Material examined. AFRICAN EASTERN ATLANTIC: 1 specimen (not sexed), RV Mercator , Western Sahara, Pulpito Bay [ 24°44'N, 14°53'W], May 1952 ( RBINS, INV. 150133) GoogleMaps ; 3 specimens (not sexed), from huge sponges (preserved in the glass), RV Mercator , Western Sahara, Pulpito Bay [ 24°44' N, 14°53' W], May 1952 ( RBINS, INV. 150142) GoogleMaps ; 2 specimens (not sexed), Atlantique Sud , trawler Noordende II (pêche maritime du Congo), stn 329, Angola, 11°03'S, 13°37'E to 11°12'S, 13°39'E, 146 m [80 fathoms], stomach content of Dentex sp. , Vigneron-Dahl trawl, 7 Aug. 1955, ( RBINS, INV. 150009) GoogleMaps ; 1 specimen (not sexed), Atlantique Sud , stn 379, extreme north of Angola mainland, 6°09'02"S, 11°43'03"E, 110 m [60 fathoms], Gilson / De Brouwer dredge, 16 Sep. 1959 ( RBINS, INV. 150006) GoogleMaps ; 2 specimens (not sexed), Atlantique Sud ( Mission Pêche), stn 402, Angola, 11°10'S, 13°30'E, 160– 180 m, 23 May 1956 ( RBINS, INV. 150095) GoogleMaps ; 1 specimen (not sexed), Atlantique Sud ( Mission Pêche), stn 402, Angola, 11°10'S, 13°30'E, 160–180 m, 23 May 1956 ( RBINS, INV. 150096) GoogleMaps ; 1 specimen (not sexed), Atlantique Sud ( Mission Pêche), stn 408, Angola, region off Quicombo, 11°10'S, 13°30'E, 145 m, 26 May 1956 ( RBINS, INV. 150097) GoogleMaps ; 1 specimen (not sexed), Atlantique Sud ( Mission Pêche), stn 408, Angola, region off Quicombo, 11°10'S, 13°30'E, 145 m, 26 May 1956 ( RBINS, INV. 150100) GoogleMaps ; 6 specimens (not sexed), labelled as "Atlantique Sud", stn 406, 400 m, Gulf of Guinea, in shells of Xenophora, Feb. 1964 [the date and depth are problematic because the coordinates of Atlantique Sud (Mission Pêche), st. 406 are 10°30'S, 13°30'E, Cap Morrho Sud, 150 m, 25 May 1956] ( RBINS, INV. 150141) GoogleMaps .

Distribution. "Typically tropical and warm temperate zones of the East Atlantic; South Africa, Madagascar, Red Sea, Japan, Philippines, New South Wales, Australia, New Zealand " ( Forest et al. 2000); Mediterraneran ( Ingle 1993); 7 m ( Forest 1966a) to 300 m (entire range of distribution), but always below 100 m in the tropical sector of the Atlantic ( Forest 1955).

Remarks. Dardanus arrosor has a discontinuous and exceptionally wide distribution (see above) and a fossil record that spans a very long geological period, dating back to the Badenian (Miocene) ( Müller 1984). It is questionable whether all modern populations are truly conspecific, although no consistent morphological differences have been observed between distant populations according to Forest et al. (2000). It cannot be ruled out that the phenotype of D. arrosor is very conservative but that several cryptic allopatric species are involved. Genetic data are lacking at the time of writing. A careful comparison of the coloration details of specimens from distant regions would also be desirable. If there are indeed cryptic species, taxonomical and nomenclatural problems could ensue, as the type locality of the (still extant) lectotype of D. arrosor is unknown.