Lepidosaphes

Key to slide-mounted Lepidosaphes View in CoL , based on adult females

1. Dorsal cicatrices (bosses) present on dorsal submargin of three or more abdominal segments ( Fig. 2 View Figure 2 ).. 2

— Dorsal cicatrices (bosses) absent from abdomen ( Fig. 3 View Figure 3 )........................................ 5

2(1). Median lobes triangular in shape, medial margin of lobe longer than lateral margin ( Andaspis View in CoL -like phenotype) ( Fig. 10 View Figure 10 ).............................................. Lepidosaphes punicae Laing View in CoL

— Median lobes round, medial margin of lobe about same length as lateral margin (typical Lepidosaphes View in CoL phenotype) ( Fig. 2 View Figure 2 ).................................................................... 3

3(2). With five pairs of cicatrices, cicatrices on dorsal submargin of abdominal segments I–V; commonly intercepted on Dracaena View in CoL ( Fig. 4 View Figure 4 )........................ Lepidosaphes chinensis Chamberlin View in CoL

— With less than five pairs of cicatrices, cicatrices typically on dorsal submargin of I, II, and IV, sometimes on III; on various hosts ( Fig. 2 View Figure 2 ).......................................................... 4

4(3). Sclerotized spurs absent, or present on margin of only prepygidial abdominal segment IV, with one macroduct on submargin anterior of second lobe; common on citrus ( Fig. 2 View Figure 2 )................................................................................ Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) View in CoL

— Sclerotized spurs present on margin of two or more prepygidial abdominal segments, with two macroducts on submargin anterior of second lobe; polyphagous ( Fig. 13 View Figure 13 ).. Lepidosaphes ulmi View in CoL (L.) (in part)

5(1). Eyes absent or represented by a small dome ( Fig. 5 View Figure 5 )............................................ 6

— Eyes represented by conspicuous sclerotized spur ( Fig. 9 View Figure 9 )...... Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis (Bouché) View in CoL

6(5). Each side of abdominal segment VI with fewer than seven dorsal ducts ( Fig. 5 View Figure 5 )................... 7

— Each side of abdominal segment VI with more than seven dorsal ducts ( Fig. 6 View Figure 6 )................... 12

7(6). Without sclerotized spurs on body margin, body without distinctive sclerotization in mature females, on various hosts ( Fig. 7 View Figure 7 ).................................................................. 8

— With sclerotized spurs on margin of one or more prepygidial abdominal segments, dorsal pronotum to abdominal segment I heavily sclerotized across body in mature females, common on citrus ( Fig. 5 View Figure 5 )......................................................... Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard) View in CoL

8(7). Anterior margin of head without cuticular projections, space between L2 and L3 (second space) with two gland spines ( Fig. 2 View Figure 2 )............................................................... 9

— Anterior margin of head with large, conspicuous, acute projections of the cuticle, space between L2 and L3 (second space) with one gland spine, on Codiaeum View in CoL ( Fig. 11 View Figure 11 ). Lepidosaphes serrifrons (Leonardi) View in CoL

9(8). Without small dorsal submarginal duct anterior of second lobe ( Fig. 7 View Figure 7 ).......................... 10

— With small dorsal submarginal duct anterior of second lobe ( Fig. 2 View Figure 2 )............................. 11

10(9). Median lobes pointed, triangular in shape, medial margin of lobe shorter than lateral margin ( Andaspis View in CoL -like phenotype), without cephalic lobes, with a row of ventral microducts between posterior spiracles, on orchids ( Fig. 7 View Figure 7 )............................. Lepidosaphes mackieana McKenzie View in CoL

— Median lobes round, medial margin of lobe about same length as lateral margin (typical Lepidosaphes View in CoL phenotype), with conspicuous cephalic lobes, without ventral microducts between posterior spiracles, typically on Codiaeum View in CoL ( Fig. 12 View Figure 12 )......................... Lepidosaphes tokionis (Kuwana) View in CoL

11(9). Small dorsal submarginal duct anterior of second lobe minute, about same thickness as microducts in gland spines, typically with two dorsal ducts on abdominal segment VI (usually appearing to be posterior to perivulvar pores), typically on conifers ( Fig. 8 View Figure 8 )...... Lepidosaphes pallida (Maskell) View in CoL

— Small dorsal submarginal duct anterior of second lobe of intermediate size, conspicuously wider than microducts in gland spines, typically with four dorsal ducts on abdominal segment VI (usually appearing to be posterior to perivulvar pores), polyphagous, often on camellia ( Fig. 3 View Figure 3 ).. Lepidosaphes camelliae Hoke View in CoL

12(6). Spiculae present on margin of head, one gland spine present between L1 and L2 (first space), sclerotization in the form of lateral plaques on thorax in mature females ( Fig. 6 View Figure 6 )............ Lepidosaphes laterochitinosa Green View in CoL

— Spiculae absent from margin of head, two gland spines present between L1 and L2 (first space), thorax unsclerotized in mature females ( Fig. 13 View Figure 13 )......................... Lepidosaphes ulmi View in CoL (in part)