Anuropodione carolinensis Markham, 1974

Anuropodione carolinensis Markham, 1974 View in CoL

( Figs. 1–4 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 View Figure 4 )

Anuropodione carolinensis Markham, 1974: 620–624 View in CoL , 627, 629, 647, figs. 5–8; — Wenner and Windsor, 1979: 294–302, figs. 2–4; — Wenner, 1982: 362 (mention); — Ross, 1983: 157 (list); — Williams, 1984: 234 (mention); — Markham, 1988: 55 (list); —Román-Contreras, 1993: 46 (mention); — McDermott, 2002: 39 (mention); — Oliveira and Masunari, 2006: 1194 (mention); — Romero-Rodríguez and Román-Contreras, 2008: 1207– 1208 (mention); — Thoma and Heard, 2010: 3 (list), 16 (key),18 (key), fig. 12a,b, 14e; — Boyko et al., 2012: 4, 18(list); — McLaughlin et al., 2005:187 (list); —Penha-Lopez et al., 2013: 35 (mention); — Cericola and Williams, 2015: 239 (list).

Anuropodione sp. Williams and Brown, 1972: 307 (mention); — Bursey, 1978: 569 (mention).

Anuropodione View in CoL [sp.] Ross, 1983: 168 (mention).

Host material examined. Brazil: 1 female (28.26 mm

TL, 25.41 mm CL; 23.37 mm CW), 1 male (22.69 mm TL, 20.24 mm CL, 17.11 mm CW), Potiguar Basin, # MT –61, 04°47.83’S 36°11.02’W, 418 m, temperature 8.15°C, 08.v.2011 ( MOUFPE 17607 View Materials ) ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ); 2 females (18.25–28.3 mm TL, 16.69–25.38 mm CL, 13.07–22.24 mm CW), 4 males (20.52–26.89 mm TL, 18.45-24.01 mm CL, 15.58–17.98 mm CW), Potiguar Basin, # MT GoogleMaps –62, 04°43.89’S 36°25.62’W, 415 m, temperature7.56°C, 07.v.2011 ( MOUFPE 17608 View Materials ); 9 females (20.52–26.89 mm TL, 16.86–24.09 mm CL, 9.19–18.84 mm CW), 7 males (17.21–28.47 mm TL, 15.61–25.89mm CL, 14.86–20.31 mm CW), Potiguar Basin, # MT GoogleMaps –64, 04°36.24’S, 36°45.73’W, 416 m, temperature 7.47 ° C, 12.v.2011 ( MOUFPE 17609 View Materials ) GoogleMaps .

Parasite material examined. Brazil: 2 females (10.3–12.4 mm TL, 5.2–6.3 mm W) , 2 males (3.4–4.2 mm TL, 2.5–3.1 mm W), Potiguar Basin, # MT – 61, 04°47.83’S 36°11.02’W, 418 m, temperature 8.15°C, 08.v.2011 ( MOUFPE 18874 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; 6 females (10.4–11.3 mm TL, 4.1–5.8 mm W), 6 males (2.6–3.4 mm TL, 2.1–2.8 mm W), Potiguar Basin, # MT – 62, 04°43.89’S 36°25.62’W, 415 m, temperature 7.56°C, 07.v.2011 ( MOUFPE 18875 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; 16 females (10.5–12.9 mm TL, 4.7–5.3 mm W), 16 males (2.8–3.1 mm TL, 2.3– 2.9 mm W), Potiguar Basin, # MT – 64, 04°36.24’S 036°45.73’W, 416 m, temperature 7.47°C, 12.v.2011 ( MOUFPE 18876 View Materials ) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis. Female: Body ovate, all segments and body regions distinct. Head with large frontal lamina; anterior margin smooth; eyes absent. Antennula with two articles, antenna of four articles. Maxilliped without palp; barbula with two smooth, falcate, lateral projections, median region smooth. Large coxal plates on all pereomeres; dorsolateral bosses on pereomeres 1–4; oostegite 1 posterior segment shorter than anterior, with few lobes on inner margin. Posterior pereopods much larger than anterior ones; bases with expanded dorsal carinae.Pleomeres tapering posteriorly; lateral plates present on pleomeres 1–4; pleotelson bulbous; biramous pleopods on pleomeres 1–5; uropods lacking.

Male: Pereon widest at pereomere 5, tapering anteriorly and posteriorly; all segments distinct. Antennula of two–three articles, antenna of three-five articles. Pereopods subequal in size and shape. Pleon with segmentation ranging from all segments fused to six distinct segments; pleopods and uropods absent.

Distribution. Western Atlantic: United States (North Carolina and Gulf of Mexico) and Brazil (Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte) ( Markham, 1974; Wenner, 1982; present study) ( Fig. 4 View Figure 4 ).

Remarks. A total of 416 specimens of M. iris were collected in Potiguar Basin, comprising24 hosts(5.77%) bearing A. carolinensis in the branchial chambers ( Fig.1 View Figure 1 ), females ( Fig.2A–I View Figure 2 ) of which conformed in all characters with the description of Markham (1974). Markham (1974) stated that the antennae of females bear two articles, but this appears to have been an error because all our specimens have antennae with four articles( Fig.2D View Figure 2 ). Additionally, all the male specimens we dissected had two or three antennular and three antennal articles, while Markham (1974) reported three antennular and five antennal articles. Parasitization most frequently occurred in adult hosts without distinction as to the sex of the host (12 females and 12 males).A total of 24 males of A. carolinensis were examined, of which 33% (n = 8) had only a single pleomere ( Fig. 3C, D View Figure 3 ), 46% (n = 11) had four pleomeres (including the pleotelson) and 21% (n = 5) had six pleomeres (including the pleotelson; Fig. 3A, B View Figure 3 ). Previous examination of A. carolinensis males were made by Markham (1974) and Wenner and Windsor (1979), which revealed variability in the number of pleomeres with one, three, and six pleomeres being recorded; the single pleomere condition was by far the most common and very few specimens were found bearing three pleomeres.In contrast, our samples showed the most common condition as being four pleomeres for males of A. carolinensis . The presence of four pleomeres on males of this species and, in fact, on males of any species of Anuropodione was previously unknown ( Boyko et al., 2018).

Records of parasitism on M.iris by A. carolinensis were previously observed by Markham (1974) from North Carolina (35°05’N, 75°11’W), Wenner and Windsor (1979) from Norfolk Canyon (36°56’, 37°09’N, 75°06’, 74°33’W) and Wenner (1982) in Norfolk Canyon (36°56’, 37°09’N)and Tom’s Canyon (38°18’, 39°10’N), however, M. iris is also parasitized by Munidion irritans Boone, 1927 ( Bursey, 1978). All of the specimens of M. iris examined herein were parasitized by individuals of both sexes of A. carolinensis (female and male pair), which were observed occurring in M. iris only at a depth of 400 m in Potiguar Basin.The depth range of parasites of A. carolinensis follow the bathymetric distribution of their hosts and, as the species of M. iris can be found in depths up to 1303 m ( Melo-Filho, 2006). Anuropodione carolinensis is potentially present along a similar large depth range, although it has so far only been reported from 83–662 m ( Boyko et al., 2012). In the western Atlantic, M. iris has a large geographic distribution, occurring from the United States to Uruguay, and in Brazilian waters from Potiguar Basin (present record), Alagoas,Bahia, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul ( Melo, 1999; Melo-Filho, 2006; Serejo et al., 2007), however, despite of this wide host distribution, A. carolinensis has previously only been recorded from the southeastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico, and is only now known from Brazilian waters in the south Atlantic.