Dermosmiliidae Koby, 1887

Fig. 1 A Map showing the general location of the study area; B map marking the locality in northeastern Switzerland, from which the material of the Vitznau Marl was collected.Triangle symbol = Säntis. Note that the coordinates of the collecting site are 47° 14′ 36″ N, 9° 21′ 55″ E

Fig. 2 Time–space diagram of the sedimentary succession of the upper Berriasian to lower Valanginian in the Helvetic Alps.The space axis represents approximately 30 km in its totality (modified from Föllmi et al., 2007). Ls =limestone; Mb =member; Fm =formation

Fig. 3 Schematic lithostratigraphic section showing 130 m of the sediments of the Vitznau Marl in the Alpstein area (Rotsteinpass) in northeastern Switzerland (modified from Funk, 1999, and Burger & Strasser,1981)

Fig. 4 European Valanginian shorelines. Stipple indicates land areas; asterisk =area from which the corals of the Vitznau Marl were derived (modified from Tyson & Funnell, 1987). The paleocoordinates of the collecting site are: 38° 11’ N, 18° 10’ E (paleocoordinates estimated using information available on Paleobiology Database [paleobiodb. org])

Fig. 5 Map showing localities of Valanginian coral faunas included in this study. X =Wart (Vitznau Marl) corals (current paper), 18 species; 1 =Mexico (Sandy,1990; Wells, 1946), 3 species; 2= Spain [II] (Löser, et al., 2021), 42 species;3 = Spain [I] (Löser, et al., 2019), 19 species; 4= France (Masse,et al., 2009), 2 species; 5= Switzerland (non-Vitznau Marl) (de Fromentel, in Loriol, 1868; Haefeli, et al., 1965; Jaccard,1893; Koby, 1896, 1897, 1898), 21 species; 6 =Slovenia (Turnšek, 1997; Turnšek & Buser, 1974), 3 species; 7= Hungary (Császár & Turnšek, 1996), 29 species; 8 =Bulgaria (Roniewicz,2008), 62 species;9 =Poland (Lefeld, 1968), 1 species;10 =Turkey (Kaya et al., 1987), 2 species; 11= Ukraine (Kuzmicheva, 1967, 1985, 2002), 18 species; 12 =Tanzania (Dietrich, 1926; Löser, 2008), 7 species (for coordinates and paleocoordinates see caption of Fig. 6)

Fig. 6 Simplified Lower Cretaceous paleogeographic map showing the occurrences of species during the Valanginian:X =Wart (Vitznau Marl) corals (current paper); 1= Mexico (Sandy,1990; Wells, 1946); 2= Spain [II] (Löser, et al., 2021); 3 =Spain [I] (Löser, et al., 2019); 4 =France (Masse, et al., 2009); 5 =Switzerland (non-Vitznau Marl) (de Fromentel, in Loriol, 1868; Haefeli, et al., 1965; Jaccard, 1893; Koby, 1896, 1897, 1898); 6= Slovenia (Turnšek,1997; Turnšek & Buser,1974); 7 =Hungary (Császár & Turnšek,1996); 8 =Bulgaria (Roniewicz, 2008); 9 = Poland (Lefeld, 1968); 10 =Turkey (Kaya, et al., 1987); 11 =Ukraine (Kuzmicheva, 1967, 1985, 2002); 12 =Tanzania (Dietrich,1926; Löser, 2008). Note that the coordinates (and paleocoordinates) of the Valanginian localities are: 1 =25º 30‘ N, 103º 30‘W (23º 6 ‘N, 56º 30‘ W); 2 =38º N, 3º W (29º N, 2º E); 3 =38º N, 1º W (29º N, 7º E); 4 =43° 12’ N, 5° 24’E (34° 12’ N, 14° 30 E); 5 =47º N, 7º E (28º N, 16º E); 6 =46° N, 13° 42’ E (31° 6’N, 21° 6’ E); 7 =46° 12’ N, 18° 18’ E (28° 24’ N, 24° 42’ E); 8 =42° 48’ N, 22° 48’ E (24° 0’N, 25° 24’E); 9 =50° 0’ N, 19° 48’ E (31° 0’N, 28° 18’E); 10 =40° 48’N, 29° 24’E (36° 36’N, 36° 54’E); 11 =44° 48’ N, 34° 30 E (0° 30’ S, 49° 30 E); 12 = 9° 42’S,39° 18’E (31° 48’S, 18° 48 E); X= 47° 14′ 36″ N, 9° 21′ 55″ E (38° 11’ N, 18° 10’ E). Paleomap modified from Paleomap project Scotese [2014] at www.scotese.com; and Tennant, et al., 2017). Paleocoordinates of the coral localities of Spain [I, II] and Vitznau Marl at Wart estimated based on information provided by Paleobiology Database (paleobiodb.org); all others retrieved from Paleobiology Database (paleobiodb.org)