Anastrophyllopsis, AND

KEY TO SPECIES OF ANASTROPHYLLOPSIS AND View in CoL ANASTROPHYLLUM IN PATAGONIA View in CoL

1. Plants medium-sized to robust. Leaves slightly to strongly antically secund, often with teeth, laciniae or appendages at the base ..................................... 2

1. Plants minute to small. Leaves not antically secund, margins entire or crenulate via dilated septa between marginal cells ........................................................ 7

2. Leaf lobes acute to apiculate, ending in an apiculum of (1–)2–5(–7) cells long ....................................... 3

2. Leaf lobes blunt or subacute or apiculate with an apiculum of 1–2 cells long ......................................... 6

3. Leaves, distinctly to strongly asymmetric, the dorsal lobe clearly smaller and narrower than the ventral ............................................................................... 4

3. Leaves weakly asymmetric or more or less symmetric, the leaf lobes subequal .................................... 5

4. Leafless lateral-intercalary stolons rather common. Leaves falcate, bilobed to 0.3–0.45 the length, the sinus base not or slightly reflexed, dorsal leaf margins entire or toothed by 1-several, blunt to rather narrow sharp teeth. Gemmae rather common. Perianths deeply plicate in distal 0.5–0.75, at times almost to the perianth base .................................................................... Anastrophyllopsis subcomplicata View in CoL (incl. Anastrophyllum schismoides )

4. Leafless lateral-intercalary stolons absent. Leaves not falcate, bilobed to 0.4–0.6 the length, the sinus base usually distinctly reflexed to form an antically incurved fold, dorsal leaf margins without teeth in upper two thirds, at base often with 1–2 teeth or a rath- er large (up to 0.3(–0.4) of leaf length), entire or toothed or bilobed lacinium, or an appendage. Gemmae unknown. Perianths loosely plicate in distal 0.25–0.4 .................... Anastrophyllum crebrifolium

5. Leaf keel strongly arced, leaf margins dentate-cili-

ate at base, then entire … Anastrophyllum ciliatum 5. Leaf keel not arced, leaf margins entire(?) .............

..................................... Anastrophyllum semifissum

6. Leaves subhorizontal and distichous, slightly antically secund, subfalcate, retuse or shallowly bilobed. Leaf margins entire, usually incurved to involuted near the apex ......... Anastrophyllopsis involulifolia

6. Leaves strongly antically secund, not falcate, bilobed up to 0.45 of the length. Leaf margins plane, usually with an appendage of antical base .......................... .......................................... Anastrophyllum auritum

7. Leaves bilobed to 0.2–0.35 of the length, leaf cells with bulging trigones, leaf margins crenulate via dilated septa between marginal cells. Frullania-type branching present ....... Anastrophyllum crenulatum

7. Leaves bilobed to 0.35–0.58 of the length, leaf cells with equally thickened walls, without nodulose thickenings, leaf margins entire. Frullania-type branching absent ........................ Anastrophyllum astorgae

Due to its small size and reduced morphology, A. astorgae can be confused with some species of the genera Andrewsianthus R.M. Schust. and Cephaloziella known in Patagonia and occurring in the same or similar habitats. The new species differs from Andrewsianthus australis J.J. Engel and A. scabrellus (C. Massal.) R.M. Schust. ex J.J. Engel by the absence of flagelliform shoots and underleaves, from A. australis also by the equally thick-walled leaf cells and the absence of nodular thickenings, while from A. scabrellus (as much as from all species of Cephaloziella ) by the larger ratio of the size of mature sterile leaves to the stem diameter, and by the leaves broadest in the middle or in upper third and gradually tapering to the base ( Fig. 3H View Fig , 4E, N, O View Fig ). The Amphiatlantic plant Sphenolobopsis pearsonii (Spruce) R.M. Schust. reported from Tristan da Cunha ( Schuster, 2002) is greatly similar to Anastrophyllum astorgae by the shape and size of shoots, also the shape of leaves and leaf cells. However, Schuster (1980: 10) noted for Sphenolobopsis pearsonii that “quite different from Anastrophyllum … is the large, free bracteole in the gynoecium, as well as the conspicuous, ± lanceolate underleaves of gynoecial shoots ”.

Ecology-Distribution. The new species is known only from a single locality in southern Chile, where it was collected in a humid evergreen-coniferous-bamboo-fern-moss forest. The plants were gathered from bark of living trees at a height of ca. 1.0– 1.5 m, together with Anastrophyllum crebrifolium , Cephaloziella hispidissima R.M. Schust. , Harpalejeunea sp. , Lepidozia sp. , Leptoscyphus cuneifolius subsp. fragilis (J.B.Jack & Steph.) Grolle , L. expansus (Lehm.) Grolle , and Temnoma quadripartitum (Hook.) Mitt. , also from rotten log within the mats of Anastrophyllum crebrifolium , with an admixture of Cephaloziella heterophylla Reimers , Clasmatocolea gayana (Mont.) Grolle , Lepicolea ochroleuca (Spreng.) Spruce and Syzygiella colorata (Lehm.) K. Feldberg, Váňa, Hentschel & Heinrichs.

Other studied specimens ( paratypes). CHILE, Los Lagos Region, Palena Province, Chaitén Commune, Sendero Ventisquero Yelcho , 43°16’32.5” S, 72°25’31.0” W, 155 m a.s.l., evergreen-coniferous-bamboo-fern-moss forest, on tree, 29.XI.2021, Mamontov 928-3-7468 (MHA-9088480), 928-3- 7469 (MHA-9088478); ibid., on rotten log, 29.XI.2021, Mamontov 928-4-7467 (MHA-9088479) GoogleMaps .