Dichotomius (Dichotomius) satanas ( Harold, 1867 )

12. Dichotomius (Dichotomius) satanas ( Harold, 1867) View in CoL species group

Diagnosis: The species of the D. satanas species group are recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) Medium-sized to large-sized individuals (15.1–24.6 mm). (2) Head oval and twice as wide as it is long ( Fig. 22 View Figure 22 a-c). (3) Clypeus with two inconspicuous clypeal teeth, sometimes imperceptible ( Fig.22b, c View Figure 22 ). (4) Ventral clypeal process with triangular appearance with acute to obtuse tip ( Fig. 22d View Figure 22 ). (5) Males with lamellar process in clypeal region ( Fig. 22a View Figure 22 ). (6) Females with conical process in the fronto-clypeal region ( Fig. 22b, c View Figure 22 ). (7) Protibial spur without angle near apex ( Fig.22e View Figure 22 ). (8) Anterior margin of pronotum just behind the head with two lobes ( Fig. 22 View Figure 22 a-c). (9) Pronotum with strong excavation in the anterior area, pronotal disc with processes of different numbers of tips and shapes ( Fig. 22 View Figure 22 a-c). (10) Elytral striae bicarinate, shallow to distinctly impressed, with shagreened surface and ocellate punctures in its extension. (11) Pygidium with complete apical margin and evident puncture ( Fig. 22f View Figure 22 ). (12) Aedeagus with slender subgenital plate ( Fig. 22i View Figure 22 ). (13) Parameres upward directed and subquadrangular in lateral view ( Fig. 22g View Figure 22 ), without setae in the apical area ( Fig. 22 View Figure 22 g-i). (14) ME well sclerotized and with “U”-shaped ( Fig. 22m View Figure 22 ).

Composition: Ten valid species: Dichotomius adrastus ( Harold 1875) , D. alyattes ( Harold, 1880) , D. andresi Sarmiento and Amat, 2014 , D. angustus ( Luederwaldt, 1929), D. divergens ( Luederwaldt, 1929) , D. planicollis ( Gillet, 1911) , D. protectus ( Harold, 1867) , D. quinquedens ( Felsche, 1910) , D. quinquelobatus ( Felsche, 1901) , and D. satanas ( Harold, 1867) , and at least four or five undescribed species.

Geographic distribution: Mexican transition zone (Chiapas Highlands, Sierra Madre Oriental, and TransmexicanVolcanic belt provinces), Brazilian subregion Mesoameric dominion (Mosquite, Pacific Lowlands, Veracruzan, and Yucatán Peninsule provinces), Pacific Dominion (Cauca, Chocó-Darién, Ecuadorian, Guajira, Guatuso Talamanca, Puntarenas-Chiriquí, Magdalena, Venezuelan, and Western Ecuador provinces), South Brazilian dominion (Rondônia and Yungas provinces), and South American transition zones (Páramo and Puna provinces) ( Fig. 21b View Figure 21 ).