Plagiopyla nasuta, STEIN, 1860

PLAGIOPYLA NASUTA STEIN, 1860 View in CoL

1860: Plagiopyla nasuta – Stein, Sber. K. böhm. Ges. Wiss. Jahr., 58–59 pp. (original description; not illustrated; no type material available) .

1881–82: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Kent, A Manual of the Infusoria, D Bogue ed., London, vol. II: p. 538, vol. III: pl. XXVII; figs 50, 51 (illustrated record).

1886: Plagiopyla varians – Maskell, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 19: 55; pl. 4; figs 6, 7 (p. 52) (illustrated record).

1894: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Levander, Soc. F. & Fl. Fenn., 62–71 pp.; pl. III; figs 28–30 (illustrated record, revision).

1898: Tillina distincta – Smith, Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc., 20: 52; pl. IV; fig. 3 (illustrated record).

1899: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Roux, Rev. Suisse Zool., 6: 601–602; pl. 13; fig. 20 (illustrated record).

1922: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Penard, Études sur les infusoires d’eau douce. Georg & Cie eds, Genève, 186–188 pp.; figs 186, 187 (illustrated record).

1928: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Wetzel, Zoomorphology, 13: 198–201; figs 7, 8 (illustrated record).

1931: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Kahl, Tierwelt Dtl., 21: 264–265; figs 45.1, 45.2 (guide; revision).

1935: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Wang & Nie, Sinensia, 6: 433–435; fig. 26 (illustrated record).

1946: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Kudo, Protozoology, 3rd edn, CC Thomas ed., Springfield, 596–597 pp.; fig. 262a (revision).

1964: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Jankowski, Arch. Protistenkd., 107: 286, 288; fig. 58a, b (illustrated record).

1971: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Mahajan & Nair, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 63: 12; fig. 2 (illustrated record).

1972: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Bick, Ciliated protozoa. An illustrated guide to the species used as biological indicators in freshwater biology. World Health Organisation, Geneva, p. 66; fig. 38 (guide, illustrated record).

1972: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Borror, Acta Protozool. , 10: 46–47; figs 25, 26 (illustrated record).

1978: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Agamaliev, Acta Protozool. , 17: 129–130; fig. 9 (illustrated record).

1985: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – De Puytorac et al., Annls. Sci. Nat., 7: 189–198; figs 1–12 (redescription after silver impregnation, morphogenesis, electron microscopy analysis).

1986: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Dragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis, Faune tropicale, 26: 217; pl. 43; figs A, B (illustrated record, short taxonomic and ecological monograph).

1988: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Sola et al., Acta Protozool. , 27: 279–285; figs 1, 2 (redescription and revision).

1995: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Foissner et al., Inf. ber. Bayer. Landesamtes Wasserwirtsch., 266–268 pp.; figs 1–24 (taxonomic and ecological revision, redescription after silver impregnation).

2001: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Al-Rasheid, Trop. Zool., 14: 151; figs 52, 53 (redescription after silver impregnation).

2004: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Şenler & Yildiz, Tuk . J. Zool., 28: 261–262; fig. 17 (redescription after silver impregnation).

2005: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Alekperov, Borchali Publishing House, p. 74; figs 20.2, 20.3 (illustrated record).

2007: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Jankowski, Russian Acad. Sci. , p. 792; fig. 355 (revision).

2007: Plagiopyla wetzeli Kahl, 1931 – Jankowski, Russian Acad. Sci. , p. 793 (revision).

2008: Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 – Kalavati & Raman, Rec. Zool. Surv. India Occ. Paper N°282, p. 107; fig. 130 (illustrated record).

Improved diagnosis ( Fig. 18A): Body length 80–130 µm on average (total range: 50–240 µm), body width 45–80 µm on average (total range: 25–190 µm). Somatic kineties: 42–90. Striated band 60–68 µm long. One ovoid macronucleus (22–38 × 7–24 µm) and a single, compact-type micronucleus (diameter, Ø 2.1 –3.1 µm). One contractile vacuole with two pores opening on the dorsal part of the cell. Cytoproct 25.4 µm long, located on the dorsal part of the cell, with two cytoproct-related ciliary rows on its left. Straight, multi-layered extrusomes (length: 4–8 µm).

Type locality: Freshwater ponds in Prague ( Czech Republic) and Niemegk ( Germany) ( Stein, 1860).

Neotype locality: Freshwater in the hypoxic/anoxic part of the water column. Found in Kolleru Lake, Andhra Pradesh, India (present study).

Ecology and distribution: Freshwater, brackish and marine species. Cosmopolitan. Found in: AFRICA – Freshwater: UGANDA, Lake George ( Dragesco, 1972; Dragesco & Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986). Marine water: Red Sea, Suez Canal ( El-Serehy, 1993).

AMERICA – Freshwater: ARGENTINA, pond in Tierra del Fuego province ( Küppers & Claps, 2016); BRAZIL, freshwater bodies nearby Manguinhos ( Da Cunha, 1916), and in phytotelmata of tank bromeliads in the Upper Paraná River floodplain ( Buosi et al., 2014); USA, river of Florida ( Beaver & Crisman, 1989), Illinois River ( Kofoid, 1908), Lake Borgne, Louisiana ( Smith, 1898), Mississippi delta ( Bamforth, 1969). Marine water: USA, New Hampshire ( Borror, 1972); South Atlantic ( Petz, 1999).

ANTARCTICA – Freshwater: Sombre Lake, Signy Island ( Hawthorn & Ellis-Evans, 1984).

ASIA – Freshwater: AZERBAIJAN ( Alekperov, 2005, 2012); CHINA, freshwater bodies nearby Nanking ( Wang & Nie, 1935), and Tibetan Plateau ( Wang, 1977); INDIA, Kolkata ( Mahajan & Nair, 1971), and Kolleru Lake (present study); ISRAEL, Lake Kinneret ( Madoni, 1990); TURKEY, Van Castle ( Şenler & Yildiz, 2004). Brackish water: INDIA, Chilka Lake ( Das, 1995). Marine water: INDIA, Visakhapatnam coast ( Kalavati & Raman, 2008); Red Sea, Saudi Coast (Al-Rasheid, 1999, 2001),

AUSTRALIA – Freshwater: NEW ZEALAND, from Wellington district ( Maskell, 1886).

EUROPE – Freshwater: AUSTRIA ( Schneider, 1930), River Traun ( Foissner, 1974); CZECHOSLOVAKIA, river Danube ( Tirjaková, 1992); FINLAND, Helsinki ( Levander, 1894); FRANCE, Lorraine ( Florentin, 1899); GERMANY ( Engelmann, 1862; Levander, 1894; Wetzel, 1928; Schneider, 1930; Kahl, 1931; Liebmann, 1938; Kaufmann, 1958; Grabacka, 1971, 1973, 1977; Alekperov, 1983; Foissner et al., 1995), Bonn ( Wilbert, 1969), forest ponds near river Elbe ( ProkeŠová, 1959), Hamburg city canal ( Caspers & Schulz, 1962; Bartsch & Hartwig, 1984), North Württemberg and Bavaria ( Buck, 1961); HUNGARY, river Danube ( Bereczky, 1977); ITALY, river in the Northern part ( Madoni, 1979), and alpine lake ( Wagener, 1989); LATVIA, rivers ( Veylande & Liyepa, 1985); POLAND, river Drwinka ( Wiackowski, 1981), river Lyna ( Hul, 1987); ROMANIA, Lake Floreasca, Bucharest ( Vuxanovici, 1963); RUSSIA, rivers ( Neiswestnowa-Shadina, 1935), and St. Petersburg ( Jankowski, 1964); SPAIN, river Henare, Guadalajara ( Sola et al., 1988), and Lake Arcas-2 ( Finlay et al., 1991); SWITZERLAND, Geneva ( Roux, 1899; Penard, 1922), Sainte-Croix – Jura vaudois ( Mermod, 1914); UKRAINE, Odessa ( Butschinsky, 1897); UNITED KINGDOM, river Medlock ( Frost et al., 1976). Marine water: Barents Sea ( Azovsky, 1996); Black Sea ( Detcheva, 1992); Caspian Sea ( Agamaliev, 1978), French Atlantic ( Dragesco, 1960), Mediterranean Sea ( Dini et al., 1995).

Note: not all the references regarding Plagiopyla nasuta distribution have been herein cited, so this is only a partial review of species distribution.

Gene sequences: 18 S rRNA gene, accession numbers: Z29442 View Materials ( Embley et al., 1995 – authors did not provide morphological description and sampling place of the organism), KY563719 View Materials (present study) .

Remarks: According to Kahl (1931), and in our opinion, it is plausible that marine P. nasuta could represent a different species, possibly P. marina . One variety exists : P. nasuta var. bivacuolata ( Vuxanovici, 1963) .

PLAGIOPYLA CUCULLIO ( QUENNERSTEDT, 1867) WALLENGREN, 1918 View in CoL

1867: Paramecium cucullio – Quennerstedt, Acta Univ. Lund. , 18–19 pp.; pl. 1; figs 17–18 (original description, illustrated, no type material available).

1918: Plagiopyla cucullio Quenn – Wallengren, Lunds Univ. Årsskr., 30: 19–24; figs J–L (redescription, combining author).

1931: Plagiopyla (Paramecium) cucullio ( Quennerstedt, 1867) , Wallengren, 1915 – Kahl, Tierwelt Dtl., 21: 267; fig. 45.5 (guide; revision).

1933: Plagiopyla cucullio Wallengren, 1918 – Kahl, Tierwelt N., p. 74; fig. 9.6 (guide, revision).

2007: Plagiopyla cucullio ( Quennerstedt, 1867) , Wallengren, 1918 – Jankowski, Russian Acad. Sci. , p. 792 (revision).

Improved diagnosis ( Fig. 18I): Body length 73–79 µm, body width 31–37 µm. Number of somatic kineties estimated around 50. Striated band present. One ovoid macronucleus and a single compact-type micronucleus. One contractile vacuole in terminal position. Cytoproct and extrusomes not discussed.

Ty p e l o c a l i t y: S e a w a t e r i n Va r b e r g, S w e d e n ( Quennerstedt, 1867).

Ecology and distribution: Marine. Found in Sweden, Varberg ( Quennerstedt, 1867), and in Öresund, Baltic Sea ( Wallengren, 1918).