Pericharini Grishin, 2019

Pericharini Grishin, 2019

( Figs 1–106 View FIGURES 1–6 View FIGURES 7–12 View FIGURES 13–20 View FIGURES 21–24 View FIGURES 25–32 View FIGURES 33–41 View FIGURES 42–50 View FIGURES 51–60 View FIGURES 61–66 View FIGURES 67–73 View FIGURES 74–81 View FIGURES 82–94 View FIGURES 95–106 )

Pericharini Grishin, 2019, in Li et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sc. 116 (13): 6234, S1 App., p. 3, 7, 8, 54.— Grishin, 2019. Tax. Rept. Intern. Lep. Surv. 8 (1): 8; type genus: Perichares Scudder, 1872 .— Cong et al., 2019. Insecta Mundi 731: 6, fig. 1 (genomic tree).— Toussaint & Warren 2019. Jour. Nat. Hist. 53: 35–36, p. 2175; eye.—Bizarro & Martin, 2020. Guide Butt. Serra dos Orgãos. South-eastern Brazil, p. 268.—Kawahara et al., 2023. Nat. Ecol. & Evol. 7: 903–913, Fig. S1 View FIGURES 1–6 (time calibrated tree).

Type genus

Perichares Scudder, 1872 , designated by Grishin (29-III-2019).

Description

Head: antenna longer than the half-length of the forewing; nudum, 11–19 segments. Labial palpus, in dorsal view, quadrantic; third segment rounded and shorter ( Figs 61–66 View FIGURES 61–66 ) than the second segment, this robust. Eye predominantly red. Eyelash usually present in Orphe , Oenides vulpina, Oz ozias, Perichares butus , P. colenda , P. forbesi , P. manu , and P. metallica .

Thorax: mesotibia with or without spines, with a pair of apical spurs; metatibia with or without spines, with two pair of spurs; last tarsomere of all legs with a pair of long setae. Remarkable sexual dimorphism in wing pattern, except in Perichares metallica ( Fig. 51–52 View FIGURES 51–60 ). Male DFW usually with stigma continuous or discontinuous (absent in Lycas argentea and L. devanes , Perichares colenda , P. forbesi and P. metallica ); when present, in CuA 1 –CuA 2 ( P. seneca ), or between CuA 1 and 2A; usually narrow or broad half-moon-shaped ( Figs 67–71 View FIGURES 67–73 ), or (<)-shaped as in P. saptine ( Fig. 72 View FIGURES 67–73 ), or two tiny rounded pieces as in P. romeroi ( Fig. 73 View FIGURES 67–73 ). Male usually without hyaline spot below CuA 2, except in Oz ozias, O. sebastiani , Perichares forbesi , P. metallica , and P. saptine ; present in female, except in Orphe vatinius and Pseudorphe pyrex. FW discal cell longer than the half of the wing; upper half of discal cell distally more projected than lower half; recurring vein M present in discal cell ( Figs 74–81 View FIGURES 74–81 ); origin of M 2 nearer to M 3 than M 1; dcs usually present; distance between origins of CuA 1 –CuA 2 wider than between origins of M 3 –CuA 1 in male and female, except in species of Orses , P. haworthiana , and P. manu where the distance between CuA 1 –CuA 2 is narrower than origin of M 3 –CuA 1 in male, and the opposite in female ( Figs 80–81 View FIGURES 74–81 ).

Abdomen: male genitalia with harpe usually spined dorso-distally ( Fig. 82–84, 86–87 View FIGURES 82–94 ), except in Lycas ( Fig. 85 View FIGURES 82–94 ), Pseudorphe ( Warren et al. 2015), and the following species/subspecies of Perichares : P. chima , P. deceptus deceptus , P. furcata , P. lotus , and P. romeroi . Female genitalia with lamella antevaginalis comprised of a median projection covering the opening to the ostium bursae ( Fig. 88–89, 92–94 View FIGURES 82–94 ), except in Lycas ( Fig. 90 View FIGURES 82–94 ), Oenides ( Fig. 91 View FIGURES 82–94 ), and Perichares manu .

Distribution

Neotropical.

Key to subtribes of Pericharini Grishin, 2019

1. FW with hyaline spot in M 2 –M 3 ( Figs 95–96 View FIGURES 95–106 )......................................................... Orphina

- FW without hyaline spot in M 2 –M 3 ( Figs 101–102 View FIGURES 95–106 ).................................................. Pericharina