Enaphalodes archboldi Lingafelter and Chemsak

Enaphalodes archboldi Lingafelter and Chemsak View in CoL , new species

Figs. 1–2 View Fig View Fig , 3f View Fig , 4b View Fig , 5a View Fig

Description. Form moderate to large sized, 21–30 mm; integument uniformly reddishbrown, pronotum slightly darker than rest of body. Head densely clothed with short, fulvous, appressed pubescence, most dense around eye and on vertex and frons; pubescence sparse at middle of posterior of head; interantennal impression weak; antennal tubercle not pronounced; antenna of female not attaining elytral apex; antenna of male extending beyond elytral apex by three antennomeres; last antennomere of female subequal in length to penultimate antennomere; last antennomere of male nearly 1.5 times length of penultimate antennomere; antennomere four of female shorter than antennomere five; antennomere four of male longer than that of female, but shorter than antennomere five; antennal spines stronger in females, with antennomeres 3–9 having apicalmesad spines (ninth very small); in males, antennomeres 3–7 have apical­mesad spines (sometimes seventh and eighth antennomere just dentiform apicomesally); antenna fringed mesally with long fulvous to translucent pubescence (less conspicuous in males). Pronotum broader than long (broader in males than females) with dense fulvous, appressed hairs present and abundant (male with sparser hairs than female); pronotum of female inflated and widened, at middle slightly less than width of elytral base; pronotum of male larger and wider, at middle as wide as elytral base; pronotum in female with two small, circular calli anterior of middle and a small linear callus posterior to middle on midline; pronotum of male not as densely pubescent and with three longitudinal linear glabrous regions posteriorly and with denser pubescence in two short arcuate transverse bands at region where small circular calli are on female. Elytron with abundant, dense, fulvous, appressed and erect to suberect hairs (female with erect hairs more abundant than male); elytral pubescence uniform, without patches, obscuring elytral surface; elytral spines approximately equal in length and slightly convergent; the region between them moderately arcuate. Scutellum weakly acute posteriorly and with very dense, fulvous pubescence. Legs short, hind femur not extending beyond apical fourth of elytra; pubescence of femora white; elsewhere, pubescence of legs fulvous to translucent. Abdomen with ventral pubescence white, showing obvious color difference between dorsum and ventrum when viewed from lateral perspective; last ventral sternite of female with a very shallow notch at apex.

Comments. Enaphalodes archboldi is most similar to E. rufulus (Haldeman) and E. hispicornis (Linnaeus) , from which it differs consistently in the denser appressed, uniform, conspicuous, and unmottled pubescence of the elytra ( Figs. 1–2 View Fig View Fig , 3f View Fig ). This appressed pubescence is interspersed with longer erect hairs which are also uniformly distributed ( Fig. 5a View Fig ). In E. rufulus , the appressed pubescence is fulvous, but is not uniform, presenting a patchy appearance, and erect or suberect hairs are lacking ( Figs. 3g View Fig , 5b View Fig ). In E. hispicornis the pubescence is also uniform, but is not as dense, is not fulvous, and is not conspicuous ( Figs. 3d View Fig , 5c View Fig ). The integument of E. archboldi , like most E. rufulus , is reddish, while in E. hispicornis , it is dark brown. The elytral apical spines are shorter and slightly convergent in E. archboldi with the region between them arcuate as compared to E. rufulus which has parallel spines which are usually longer and the region between them is not or slightly arcuate. The last abdominal sternite of females has a deep notch at apex in E. archboldi ( Fig. 4b View Fig ), but is more shallow in E. rufulus ( Fig. 4f View Fig ) and deeper in E. hispicornis ( Fig. 4d View Fig ). Ventral pubescence is white on E. archboldi ( Fig. 5a View Fig ) but mostly fulvous on E. rufulus ( Fig. 5b View Fig ) and translucent on E. hispicornis ( Fig. 5c View Fig ).

Biology. Most specimens were collected at lights at Archbold Biological Station   GoogleMaps (27°11'N, 81°21'W) in Highlands County, Florida by W. Rosenberg and L. L. Lampert, Jr. in August and September, in the 1970’s. There apparently is a strong sex bias toward females (or females are disproportionately attracted to lights) because, of the 46 specimens known, 41 are females and only 5 are males. Other Enaphalodes species are highly attracted to lights, to dead wood at night (especially Quercus spp. ), to sap flows, and to bait solutions of fermenting brown sugar or other concoctions. The biology of the closely­related Red Oak Borer, E. rufulus , was reviewed by Solomon (1995): Adults emerge in early summer and may be active until early fall. Adults are attracted to sap flows, but otherwise do not eat leaves or twigs. After mating, females will lay an average of 200 eggs scattered in bark crevices or elsewhere on host trees. Larvae will bore directly into the phloem and tunnel until the second spring when they pupate. Pupation lasts about three weeks and new adults will emerge in the early summer of the second year. In the northern U.S., most beetles emerge in odd numbered years, while in the southern U.S., almost as many emerge in even numbered years as in odd.

There are six species of oak in the Archbold Biological Station environs, of which one, the shrubby Archbold Oak, Quercus inopina Ashe , is probably endemic ( Abrahamson et al. 1984; Johnson and Abrahamson 1982). It is almost certain that Quercus is the host genus of E. archboldi , based on knowledge of closely related species and scarcity of other genera of potential hosts (such as Salix and Acer ) with which Enaphalodes have been associated (M. Deyrup, pers. comm.). There is a possibility that Quercus inopina Ashe is the host species of Enaphalodes archboldi based on the similarly restricted distributions of both species.

Etymology. This species name is a latin genitive patronym in honor of Mr. Richard Archbold, deceased, an enthusiastic naturalist and philanthropist who established the Archbold Biological Station and thus preserved many endemic species.

Type Data. Because relatively few males have been collected, we designate a specimen of the more common female sex as holotype. Most specimens were collected at Archbold Biological Station in Highlands County, Florida. We have abbreviated this locality as ABS for space considerations. The acronym in parentheses following locality data indicates the institution at which the specimen is deposited. Holotype, Female, Florida: Highlands Co. Archbold Biological Station [hereafter, ABS]; September 17, 1976, William Rosenberg, Collector ( NMNH). Allotype, Male, ABS; September 19, 1976, William Rosenberg, Collector ( NMNH). Paratypes: ABS; September 17, 1976, William Rosenberg, Collector (1, NMNH); same but September 22 (1, NMNH); same but September 20 (1, NMNH); same but September 16 (1, NMNH); same but September 15, 1975 (1, NMNH); same but September 24, 1978 (1, NMNH); same but August 24, 1978 (1, NMNH); Florida: Daytona Beach , 1959, W. Rosenberg Collection [data suspect] (1, DHPC); ABS, August 22, 1976, William Rosenberg, Collector (1, EMEC); ABS, Sept. 16, 1976, L. L. Lampert, Jr., UV light (1, FSCA); ABS, Sept. 11, 1975, L. L. Lampert, Jr., UV light (1, FSCA); ABS, Sept. 9, 1975, L. L. Lampert, Jr., UV light (4, FSCA); ABS, Sept. 19, 1975, L. L. Lampert, Jr., UV light (1, FSCA); ABS, Sept. 17, 1976, L. L. Lampert, Jr., UV light (1, FSCA); ABS, Sept. 10, 1981, L. L. Lampert, Jr., UV light (1, FSCA); ABS, Sept. 29, 1980, L. L. Lampert, Jr., UV light (1, FSCA); ABS, Sept. 25, 1981, L. L. Lampert, Jr., UV light (1, FSCA); ABS, Sept. 14, 1979, L. L. Lampert, Jr., UV light (1, FSCA); ABS, Sept. 28, 1980, L. L. Lampert, Jr., UV light (1, FSCA); ABS, September 16, 1976, U.V. light (1, JCPC); ABS, 23 August 1975, at lights, W. Sutter (1, MTEC); ABS, 5 mi. S. Lake Placid , August 24, 1965, at light, W. Sutter (1, MTEC); ABS, 24–28 September, 1978, N. M. Downie (5, FMNH); same but September 25, 1980 (1, FMNH); Florida: Polk Co., Lake Streety [mispelled ‘‘Streaty’’], August 10, 1938, Hubbell and Friduf. (1, FMNH); Florida, Pinellas Co., August 17, 1938, Hubbell and Friduf. (1, FMNH); Florida: Marion Co., Ocala National Forest , fs. Road 88, July 23, 1999, Morris / Wappes (1, RMPC); ABS, 9 April 1975 [month/date probably reversed when label was reproduced on specimen], UV light, Lester L. Lampert, coll. (1, CMNH); same but September 4, 1975 (1, CMNH); Florida, Orange Co., Rk Spr Rn St Res , September 17, 1974, S.Pine/ oak scrub, Malaise Trap, J. C. Longhurst, S. M. Fullerton (1, CFUC); Orange County, Florida, UCF Orlando , June 25, 1994, Sand Pine Rosemary Scrub , UV Light Trap, S. M. Fullerton, Collector (1, CFUC); Lake Placid , 8 mi. S. ABS , 6 September, 1982, M. Deyrup (1, ABSC); ABS , Lake Placid , Sept. 21, 1992, Mueller (1, ABSC); ABS , September 26, 1979; L. L. Lampert, Jr. (1, ABSC donated to NMNH); same but September 16, 1976 at U.V. light (1, ABSC donated to NMNH); ABS , R. J. Nagal, 1 September, 1964 (1, ABSC donated to EMEC); ABS , 18 September 1983, M. Deyrup (1, ABSC donated to EMEC).