Aphanocephalus Wollaston, 1873

Key to Australian species of Aphanocephalus Wollaston

1. Elytra appearing glabrous, covered with minute hairs (Figs 7A, J, 8C)........................................... 2

-. Elytra distinctly hairy (Figs 7E, I, 8E), hairs sometimes short but clearly visible (Figs 7C, D)......................... 4

2. Body length around 1.5 mm, Christmas Island............................................. A. lawrencei sp. nov.

-. Body length over 2 mm, Queensland ...................................................................... 3

3. Body black, each elytron with a single rounded red-orange macula ( Figs 5B, C View FIGURE 5 , 6D View FIGURE 6 , 7B View FIGURE 7 ), pronotum with anterior margin bordered ( Fig. 1D View FIGURE 1 )............................................................... A. bimaculatus Grouvelle

-. Body dark brown with lateral sides of pronotum and lateral rim around elytra paler ( Figs 5D View FIGURE 5 , 8C View FIGURE 8 ), pronotum not bordered anteriorly................................................................................ A. nitidus Lea

4. Elytra black or dark brown with two or three pairs of distinct, sub-oval red or orange maculae........................ 5

-. Elytra uniformly brown, brown with paler areas or with various yellow-orange patterns, but never with clear sub-oval maculae............................................................................................ 8

5. Elytra with three pairs of red-orange maculae ( Figs 6E View FIGURE 6 , 7G View FIGURE 7 )...................................... A. haeckeri John

-. Elytra with two pairs of red-orange maculae ( Figs 7C View FIGURE 7 , 8A View FIGURE 8 , 9K View FIGURE 9 )................................................ 6

6. Body surface with short, appressed hairs ( Fig. 7C, D View FIGURE 7 ).................................... A. blackburni nom. nov.

-. Body surface distinctly hairy, with hairs moderately long and sub-erected ( Figs 8B View FIGURE 8 , 9J View FIGURE 9 )............................. 7

7. Body outline elongate-oval, elytral margin broadly explanate, anterior macula forming angled shape ( Figs 6C View FIGURE 6 , 8A View FIGURE 8 ), (Brisbane, Wiangaree -Northern New South Wales)..................................................... A. leai nom. nov.

-. Body outline more rounded, elytral margin narrow, anterior macula transverse oval ( Fig. 9K View FIGURE 9 ), Cape York (Northern Queensland)............................................................................. A. weiri sp. nov.

8. Elytral lateral margin with distinct row of pseudopores, elytra surface rugose ( Figs 1H View FIGURE 1 , 9F View FIGURE 9 )..... A. queenslandicus sp. nov.

-. Elytral lateral margin without pseudopores, elytral surface smooth.............................................. 9

9. Elytra entirely dark brown to black without maculae, sometimes with just humeral area paler ( Figs 8C, E, H View FIGURE 8 )........... 10

-. Elytra light brown or rufous ( Figs 7E, I View FIGURE 7 , 8G, I View FIGURE 8 , 9A View FIGURE 9 ), sometimes dark brown to black but then always with distinct yellow pattern ( Fig. 8L View FIGURE 8 )......................................................................................... ... 12

10. Body outline elongate oval, flattened in lateral view ( Figs 9C, D View FIGURE 9 )......................... A. punctulatus (Blackburn)

-. Body outline more round oval ( Figs 8E View FIGURE 8 , 9H View FIGURE 9 ), distinctly spherical in lateral view ( Figs 8F View FIGURE 8 , 9I View FIGURE 9 ) …...................... 11

11. Body outline almost rounded, pronotum dark brown with just lateral margins paler ( Figs 8E, F View FIGURE 8 ), Western Australia ......................................................................................... A. occidentalis sp. nov.

-. Body outline more round-oval, pronotum orange to light brown with large central, transverse oval dark brown macula ( Figs 9H, J View FIGURE 9 ), Southern Queensland, Northern New South Wales ........................................ A. slipinskii sp. nov.

12. Pronotum entirely rufous to light brown, body outline regularly rounded ( Figs 7E View FIGURE 7 , 9A View FIGURE 9 )............................. 13

-. Pronotum dark brown with only lateral sides paler ( Figs 7I View FIGURE 7 , 8G, J–L View FIGURE 8 ), body outline frequently appearing polygonal especially in the posterior end of elytra ( Figs 7A View FIGURE 7 , 8J View FIGURE 8 ) sometimes more rounded, if pronotum entirely pale then always body outline polygonal ( Fig. 8I View FIGURE 8 )........................................................................................... 14

13. Pronotum covered with punctae of two sizes, coarse punctae present in posterior corners of pronotum, elytra with larger, non-setiferous punctae regularly intermixed with smaller setiferous ones, Northern parts of Australia...... A. potamophilus Lea

-. Pronotum covered with punctae of single size, elytra with larger, non-setiferous punctae distributed only in lateral parts, while smaller setiferous are evenly distributed, South Australia ....................................... A. calderi sp. nov.

14. Elytra rufous-orange with single dark brown to black macula on lateral side in middle of each elytron.................................................................................................... A. kukuyalanji sp. nov.

-. Elytra brown to dark brown (sometimes black) with distinct yellowish-white to yellow pattern with two o-shaped maculae in humeral and posterior areas, and single s-shaped macula in discal area........................ A. pallidipennis sp. nov.