Pseudocyclammina rugosa ( d’Orbigny, 1850 )

Pseudocyclammina rugosa ( d’Orbigny, 1850) View in CoL

Figure 3 View Fig

1850 (1847 MS) Lituola rugosa d’Orbigny , vol. 2, p. 185, limited description with no illustration; middle – late Cenomanian, western France.

1952 Pseudocyclammina rugosa (d’Orbigny) – Maync, pl. 12, figs. 6-10; middle – late Cenomanian, western France.

1959 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Maync, p. 187, pl. 1, figs. 10-15; middle – late Cenomanian, western France.

Non 1965 Pseudocyclammina cf. rugosa – Hamaoui, p. 19-20; pl. 1, fig. 11, pl. 5, figs. 6-8, pl. 10, fig. 6; Cenomanian, Israel [= Buccicrenata ex gr. subgoodlandensis ].

? 1967 Pseudocyclammina cf. rugosa – Bismuth et al., pl. XII, figs. 18-20; Cenomanian, Tunisia [small, with unclear identity].

Non 1967 Pseudocyclammina cf. rugosa – Arkin & Hamaoui, pl. 2, fig. 3; Cenomanian, Israel [= Buccicrenata ex gr. subgoodlandensis ].

Non 1969 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Sampò, pl. XXXIX, figs. 6-8; Albian, Iranian Zagros [= B. ex gr. subgoodlandensis ].

1973 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Bilotte, pl. III, fig. 15; latest Albian-Cenomanian, Pyrenees.

? 1973 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Berthou, pl. 1, figs. 1, 1a-c; early-middle Cenomanian, Portugal [? = B. ex gr. subgoodlandensis or unconfirmed].

1974 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Neumann et al., pl. 6, fig. 4; middle – late Cenomanian, western France.

? 1974 Pseudocyclammina cf. rugosa – Moullade & Peybernès, pl. 3, figs. 2, 5; late Albian, Spain [? = Buccicrenata ex gr. subgoodlandensis ].

Non 1976 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Kalantari, pl. 10, figs. 13-14; Aptian, Iranian Zagros [= B. ex gr. subgoodlandensis ].

Non 1976 Pseudocyclammina cf. rugosa – Kalantari, pl. 22, figs. 17-18, 25; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [= B. ex gr. subgoodlandensis ].

1985 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Bilotte, p. 355, pl. 4, fig. 8; middle – late Cenomanian (total range indicated as Albian – Cenomanian), French Pyrenees.

1986 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Ben Youssef & Peybernès, pl. fig. 18; middle – late Albian, Tunisia.

? 1987 Buccicrenata? rugosa – Simmons & Hart, pl. 10.5, fig. 4; early Cenomanian, Oman [not clear,?= B. ex gr. subgoodlandensis ; one of us (FS) has also seen similar material from the middle Cenomanian of Oman

115

(unpublished data)].

Non 1993 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Ettachfini, p. 120, pl. 1, figs. 7-11; Cenomanian, Morocco [= Ammobaculites / Lituola , B. ex gr. subgoodlandensis or indeterminate].

Non 2003 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Aguilero-Franco, pl. 1, fig. 7; Cenomanian, Mexico [prob.= Ammobaculites sp. , no obvious alveolar wall].

Non 2004 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Ettachfini & Andreu, fig. 7E; Cenomanian, Morocco [= Ammobaculites / Lituola , B. ex gr. subgoodlandensis or indeterminate].

Non 2006 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Ettachfini, pl. 13, fig. 10; late Cenomanian, Morocco [= Ammobaculites / Lituola , B. ex gr. subgoodlandensis or indeterminate].

Non 2012 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Omaña et al., fig. 5(8); middle-late Cenomanian, Mexico [prob. = Ammobaculites / Lituola sp. ].

Non 2013 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Boavida; pl. 1, fig. 1; Cenomanian, Portugal [?= B. ex gr.

subgoodlandensis or unconfirmed].

Non 2013 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Omaña et al., pl. 5, fig. 10; middle-late Cenomanian, Mexico [prob.= Ammobaculites / Lituola sp. ].

? 2014 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Danelian et al., fig. 9(3-6); Cenomanian, Armenia [small and unclear identity].

Non 2014 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Afghah & Haghighi, pl. 3, fig. 3; Aptian, Iranian Zagros [= Ammobaculites sp. or Lituola sp. ].

2018 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – BouDagher-Fadel, pl. 5.6 (7) middle – late Cenomanian, western France.

? 2018 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Andrade, pl. M1, figs. 3,4,6; pl. M5, fig. 7; Cenomanian, Portugal [?= B. ex gr. subgoodlandensis or unconfirmed].

Non 2018 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Omidi et al., pl. 2, fig. 5; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [= P. sarvakensis ].

? 2020 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Simmons et al., fig. 9.1; middle Cenomanian, Turkish Arabian Plate.

Non 2022 Pseudocyclammina rugose (sic.) – Esfandyari et al., fig. 23l; Cenomanian-Turonian, Iranian Zagros [= P. sarvakensis ].

2023 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Simmons Bidgood, p. 82, fig. 31; Albian – latest? Cenomanian, global review.

Non 2023 Pseudocyclammina rugosa – Abtahiyan et al., fig. 6b; late Barremian – early Aptian, Iranian Zagros [indeterminate, but not P. rugosa , possibly B. ex gr. subgoodlandensis ].

Reference Images: Maync (1952), Pl. 12, figs. 6-10, p. 50 and Maync (1959), Pl. 1, figs. 10-15.

Taxonomy/Identity: The typical Cenomanian representative of Pseudocyclammina is P. rugosa , that despite illustration by Maync (1952, 1959) remains poorly known. Lituola rugosa was introduced by d’Orbigny (1850) with a very limited description in a list of Cenomanian foraminifera from France, and there is no illustration. Maync (1952, 1959) illustrated topotype specimens from the Cenomanian of Charente, France (see also BouDagher-Fadel et al., 2017) and discussed elements of the taxonomy (including his justification for placing the species in Pseudocyclammina ) and differences with similar taxa. Since then, the species has quite frequently been reported from Albian – Cenomanian sediments of Neotethys and the Caribbean ( Mexico), but seldom illustrated and often not convincingly. Confusion with Buccicrenata ex gr. subgoodlandensis is common and in many random sections the species are difficult to distinguish from one another, leading to uncertainties in stratigraphic and geographic distribution (see discussion below).

P. rugosa appears to be relatively large (0.8 – 4.3 mm in external diameter of the coiled whorl according to Maync (1959) although illustrations in Maync (1952, 1959) indicate maximum diameter, including uncoiled to be 4.78 – 6.0 mm) and this, together with a large chamber height, strongly curved thick septa, a rounded periphery, a relatively large axial thickness (0.7-2.3 mm) (diameter: thickness ratio 1 – 1.9mm, typically 1.4) and 5-7 chambers in the last whorl serve to distinguish it from other species of Pseudocyclammina View in CoL ( Table 2) and indeed Buccicrenata View in CoL . Wall thickness in P. rugosa is 0.17 – 0.50 mm. 2-3 uncoiled final chambers can occur in both P. rugosa and B. ex. gr. subgoodlandensis View in CoL .

Confident Stratigraphic Range: middle Albian – undifferentiated middle – late Cenomanian.

Uncertain Stratigraphic Range: early Albian.

Neumann et al. (1974) indicated that at its type locality, the species has an undifferentiated middle – late Cenomanian range. Rey et al. (1977), Decrouez (1978), Saint-Marc (1981), and Berthou (1984) suggested that across Neotethys, this species ranges throughout the Albian and Cenomanian (see also Crosaz-Galletti, 1979), but in practice, despite many published occurrences, there are very few records of this species that have both plausible illustrations and precise biostratigraphic calibration. There are no illustrated, unequivocally late Cenomanian records, only those from undifferentiated Cenomanian, or middle – late Cenomanian strata. The oldest confidently illustrated records come from the middle – late Albian of Tunisa (Ben Youssef & Peybernès, 1986).

Illustrated records from the Aptian or older (e.g., Kalantari, 1976; Afghah & Haghighi, 2014; Abtahiyan et al., 2023 from the Iranian Zagros) are not this species (that of Afghah & Haghighi, 2014 = Ammobaculites sp. or Lituola sp. ), and unillustrated records from Aptian and older strata (e.g., Abu Zied, 2007; Habibnia et al., 2010; Mansouri-Daneshvar et al., 2015; Afghah et al., 2016) should be treated with caution. An unillustrated report from the Coniacian – Maastrichtian of Spain ( Gräfe, 2005) should most likely be regarded as erroneous.

Restriction of its range to the early Cenomanian ( Velić, 2007) reflects local facies control.

Geographic Distribution: Western Mediterranean –?Arabian Plate within Neotethys.

As can be understood from the limited number of confirmed records mentioned above, the paleogeographic distribution of this species is hard to determine. Confirmed records are limited to the type area in western France , the Pyrenees, Tunisia and possibly Oman and southern Türkiye. Unpublished reports, if confirmed, might extend this distribution, but despite quite numerous records it remains unproven as occurring in Mexico.