Moncharmontia apenninica ( De Castro, 1966 )

Moncharmontia apenninica ( De Castro, 1966) View in CoL

Figure 10 View Fig

T 1966 Neoendothyra apenninica De Castro , p. 328, pls. I-III (non pl. III, figs. 4-8), text figs. 5-6; Turonian-Senonian, Italy.

1967 Moncharmontia apenninica De Castro nom. nov., p. 475.

1967 Neoendothyra apenninica – Bignot & Guernet, p. 264-265, pl. 1, figs. 8-11; early Senonian, Greece.

1970 Moncharmontia apenninica – Fleury, pl. 2, fig. 4; Senonian, Greece.

1974 Montcharmontia apenninica (sic) – Bignot & Poisson, pl. III, fig. 6; Cenomanian, Turkish Taurides.

1976 Moncharmontia apenninica – Luperto-Sinni, pl. 48, figs. 6-7; Senonian, Italy.

1977 Moncharmontia apenninica – Chiocchini & Mancinelli, p. 133, pl. XL, fig. 1; pl. XLI, fig. 1; Senonian, central Italy.

1978 Moncharmontia apenninica – Luperto-Sinni & Ricchetti, pl. 45, figs. 6-7; Late Cretaceous, Italy.

1982 Montcharmontia apenninica apenninica (sic) - Altıner & Decrouez, pl. 7, fig. 7; Senonian, Turkish Taurides.

1985 Moncharmontia apenninica – Bilotte, p. 369, pl. 5, fig. 1; late Cenomanian, Pyrenees.

1988 Moncharmontia apenninica View in CoL – Drobne et al., pl. 24, figs. 6, 7 [= Fleuryana adriatica De Castro et al. View in CoL fide De Castro et al., 1994 ].

? 1988 Moncharmontia apenninica View in CoL – Sartorio & Venturini, p. 119; early Senonian, Italy [= Fleuryana adriatica De Castro et al. View in CoL fide De Castro et al., 1994 ].

1989 Moncharmontia apenninica View in CoL – Drobne et al., pl.3, figs. 10, 11, 12 [= F. adriatica fide De Castro et al., 1994 ].

1989 Moncharmontia apenninica View in CoL – Molinari- Paganelli & Tilia Zuccari, Fig. 15 View Fig [= F. adriatica fide De Castro et al., 1994 ].

1990 Moncharmontia View in CoL ex gr. apenninica View in CoL – Gušić & Jelaska, pl. 14, figs. 10-11 (non fig. 9); Campanian, Croatia.

1990 Moncharmontia apenninica – Sribar & Plenicar, pl. 5, fig. 4; Coniacian – early Santonian, Slovenia.

1992 Moncharmontia apenninica – Schlagintweit, p. 334, pl. 1, figs. 10-12, text fig. 1; late Turonian – Santonian, Austria.

1992 Moncharmontia apenninica – Foglia, pl. 3, figs. 8, 11; late Turonian – early Senonian, southern Italy.

1994 Moncharmontia apenninica – Chiocchini et al., pl. XXII, figs. 16-19; early Senonian; central Italy.

1994 Moncharmontia apenninica – Ramirez del Pozo & Martin-Chivelet, pl. 1, fig. 5; Late Cretaceous, Spain.

1998 Moncharmontia apenninica – Koch et al., pl. 2, fig. 7; Turonian, Slovenia [age in part based on occurrence of M. apenninica ].

? 2000 Moncharmontia apenninica – Benedetti et al., fig. 53; early Senonian, north-east Italy.

Non 2000 Moncharmontia apenninica – Aguilera-Franco, p. 165; middle – late Cenomanian, Mexico [indeterminate, but number of chambers far too numerous].

2001 Moncharmontia apenninica – Cvetko Tešović et al., fig. 7 (G-I); Campanian, Croatia.

2003 Moncharmontia apenninica – Polavder, fig. 4(12); early Campanian, Serbia.

? 2003 Moncharmontia apenninica – Korbar & Husinec, p. 177, pl. 2, fig. 1; Turonian –?Coniacian; Croatia.

Non 2003 Moncharmontia apenninica – Aguilera-Franco, pl. 1, fig. 4; Cenomanian, Mexico [= Biconcava bentori ]. Non 2004 Moncharmontia aff. apenninica – Ettachfini & Andreu, fig. 8D; late Cenomanian, Morocco [= Biconcava bentori ].

2005 Montcharmontia apenninica (sic) – Vaziri et al., pl. 2, figs. 14-15; Santonian – Campanian/Maastrichtian?, central Iran.

Non 2006 Moncharmontia aff. apenninica – Ettachfini, pl. 16, fig. 10; late Cenomanian, Morocco [= Biconcava bentori ].

2008 Moncharmontia apenninica – Chiocchini et al., p. 123, pl. XXIX, fig. 3; pl. XXX, fig. 1; late Turonian – Santonian, central Italy.

2008 Moncharmontia apenninica – Frijia & Parente, fig. 4i; Turonian, southern Italy.

2008 Moncharmontia apenninica – Checconi et al., pl. 1, figs. 4-7; Coniacian – early Campanian, southern Italy.

? 2008 Moncharmontia apenninica – Schlüter, fig. 2.3d; Campanian, southern Italy.

? 2008 Moncharmontia apenninica – Schlüter et al., fig. 3d; Campanian, southern Italy.

2011 Montcharmontia apenninica (sic) – Vaziri, pl. 2, figs. N-O; Santonian – Campanian/Maastrichtian?, central Iran.

2011 Moncharmontia apenninica – Jez et al., fig. 7(d, f); Coniacian-Santonian, Slovenia.

2012 Moncharmontia apenninica – Chiocchini et al., pl. 130, figs. 1-12; Coniacian-Santonian (range shown to begin in late Turonian), Central Italy.

2012 Moncharmontia apenninica – Rahimpour-Bonab et al., fig. 8(N-O); Turonian, Iranian Zagros [age in part based on presence of M. apenninica ].

Non 2012 Moncharmontia apenninica – Ghanem et al., fig. 6d (11, 19); early Cenomanian, Syria [= M. compressa ].

2013 Moncharmontia apenninica – Rahimpour-Bonab et al., fig. 8(Q); Turonian, Iranian Zagros [age in part based on presence of M. apenninica ].

? 2013 Moncharmontia apenninica – Shahin & Elbaz, p. 270; pl. 1, figs 32-33; Cenomanian, Egypt [indeterminate external views only].

2014a Moncharmontia apenninica – Omidvar et al., pl.1, figs. R-S; Turonian, Iranian Zagros [age in part based on presence of M. apenninica ].

2014b Moncharmontia apenninica – Omidvar et al., fig. 4(4-6); Turonian, Iranian Zagros [age in part based on presence of M. apenninica ].

2015 Moncharmontia apenninica – Frijia et al., fig. 8(H- I); Turonian-Campanian, Italy.

2015 Moncharmontia apenninica – Solak et al., fig. 9FG; Coniacian – Santonian, Turkish Taurides.

2016 Moncharmontia apenninica – Arriaga et al., p. 14, fig. 5; Turonian, southern Italy.

2017 Moncharmontia apenninica – Solak et al., fig. 11(A-B); late Campanian, Turkish Taurides.

2017 Moncharmontia apenninica – Koç, fig. 10(A1-3); age uncertain in text and figure caption, Turkish Taurides.

? 2018 Moncharmontia apenninica – Omidi et al., pl. 2, fig. 4; Turonian, Iranian Zagros [age in part based on the presence of M. apenninica ].

2019 Montcharmontia apenninica (sic) – Özkan & Altıner, fig. 9(19-23); Turonian [=?Cenomanian fide Simmons et al., 2020 ], Turkish Arabian Plate.

2019 Moncharmontia apenninica View in CoL – Solak et al., fig. 10(A-B); late Campanian, Turkish Taurides.

? 2019 Moncharmontia apenninica – Le Goff et al., fig. 5C; Campanian, Albania.

2020 Moncharmontia apenninica – Solak et al., fig. 14(FG); Turonian, Turkish Taurides.

2020 Moncharmontia apenninica – Sinanoğlu et al., pl. 1, figs. 8-9; Maastrichtian, Türkiye.

2021 Moncharmontia apenninica – Sinanoğlu, pl. 1, fig. 8; Maastrichtian, Türkiye.

2021 Moncharmontia apenninica – Bagherpour et al., fig. 12e-f; Turonian, Iranian Zagros (age in part based on the presence of M. apenninica , but independently supported by strontium isotope values; forms intermediate to M. compressa ).

2021 Moncharmontia apenninica – Schlagintweit & Yazdi-Moghadam, p. 22, pl. 1, figs. A-L; middle – late Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.

2021 Moncharmontia apenninica – Yazdi-Moghadam & Schlagintweit, fig. 2G; middle – late Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.

2021 Moncharmontia apenninica – Dousti-Mohajer et al., pl. 1, fig. l; late Cenomanian; Iranian Zagros.

2021 Montcharmontia apenninica (sic) – Özkan, fig. 11 (21-22); Campanian, Turkish Arabian Plate.

2023 Moncharmontia apenninica – Simmons & Bidgood, p. 75, fig. 25; upper middle Cenomanian-Maastrichtian, global review.

? 2023a Moncharmontia apenninica – Mehrabi et al., fig. 11M; Santonian (?), Persian Gulf.

2023b Moncharmontia apenninica – Mehrabi et al., fig. 6Q; Turonian, Iranian Zagros.

2024 Moncharmontia apenninica – Consorti et al., fig. 3L, P; early – middle Campanian, Italy.

2024 Moncharmontia apenninica – Křížová et al., fig. 4ab; early – middle Turonian, north-east Italy.

2024 Moncharmontia apenninica – Solak & Taslı, p. 6, fig. 2E-H; late Campanian, Turkish Taurides.

Reference Images: De Castro (1966), figs. 5-6, pls. I- V (not pl. III, figs. 4-8).

Taxonomy/Identity: De Castro’s original description (1966) is comprehensive (see also Arriaga et al., 2016; Simmons & Bidgood, 2023, and the species key chart therein). M. apenninica differs from M. compressa (De Castro) in being larger, less compressed (almost subglobular) and with a larger proloculus. Cvetko Tešović et al. (2001) have provided a comprehensive biometric analysis between the two species.

Moncharmontia View in CoL is very similar to Fleuryana De Castro et al. 1994 View in CoL , with the only substantial difference being the nature of the aperture which is cribrate in Moncharmontia View in CoL , but single, slit-like and basal in Fleuryana View in CoL . Fleuryana gediki Solak et al. 2020 View in CoL is very similar to M. apenninica View in CoL , but in addition to apertural differences, F. gediki View in CoL has slightly fewer chambers in the final whorl and thinner walls. Differences are discussed by Solak & Taslı (2024). Species of Fleuryana View in CoL are only known from Turonian and younger strata.

Confident Stratigraphic Range: middle Cenomanian – Maastrichtian. Scarce in the Cenomanian and Maastrichtian.

Uncertain Stratigraphic Range: not applicable.

Commonly considered to be not older than Turonian (e.g. Chiocchini & Mancinelli, 1977; Omidvar et al., 2014a, b; Frijia et al., 2015; Solak et al., 2015, 2019; Arriaga et al., 2016; Solak & Taslı, 2024), plausible specimens occurring together with middle-late Cenomanian taxa (e.g., Chrysalidina gradata d’Orbigny, 1839 , Cisalveolina fraasi (Gümbel, 1872) and Simplalveolina simplex ( Reichel, 1936)) clearly indicate the species can be as old as (middle) Cenomanian. These have been recorded (illustrated) in the Turkish Taurides (Bignot & Poisson, 1974) and the Iranian Zagros ( Schlagintweit & Yazdi-Moghadam, 2021; Dousti-Mohajer et al., 2021).

Unillustrated/unverifiable records attributed to Cenomanian strata also occur in Mexico (e.g., Aguillera- Franco, 2000; Omaña et al. 2012, 2013), Egypt ( Shahin & Elbaz, 2013) and Oman ( Piuz & Meister, 2013).

It is probable that some Turonian records may have that age attributed by “circular reasoning” and that a Cenomanian age might not be excluded (e.g., Özkan & Altıner, 2019, from Türkiye).

See Schlagintweit & Yazdi-Moghadam (2021), Simmons & Bidgood (2023) and Solak & Taslı (2024) for a more extensive discussion on stratigraphic range. The species is often used as a biozonal marker (e.g. for Turonian strata in the Iranian Zagros ( Omidvar et al., 2014b); Turonian and younger strata in Italy ( De Castro, 1991)), but now that the species is confidently known from the Cenomanian (at least on the Arabian Plate and Türkiye) and to be long-ranging, such assessments should be treated with care.

Geographic Distribution: In post-Cenomanian strata, the species is widespread within Neotethys, with many records from the northern Mediterranean, as far north as Austria. There are also records from the Arabian Plate (Zagros) and Central Iran. Cenomanian records are limited but include the Iranian Zagros and Türkiye. Records from Mexico are unproven.