Empis (Coptophlebia) hyalea, Melander, 1946

EMPIS ( COPTOPHLEBIA) HYALEA View in CoL CLADE

Monophyly: The monophyly of this clade is supported by one character: male fore tibia with at least one characteristic anterodorsal bristle on apical half [character 7(1)].

Distribution ( Fig. 23 View Figure 23 ): This group of species is typically South-east Asian, recorded from China

(Kwantung), Indonesia ( Java), Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.

Remarks: Even if E. ( C.) leptargyra Frey is not included in the phylogenetic analysis and not taxonomically reviewed, a preliminary morphological study of this species allows inclusion in the E. ( C.) hyalea clade as well as in the key given below.

EMPIS View in CoL ( COPTOPHLEBIA) HYALEA MELANDER, 1946 View in CoL

( FIG. 17 View Figure 17 )

References: Melander (1946): 113, fig. 6.

Type material studied: Holotype: male, China, east Kwantung, Tsin Leong San, 5.vi.1936, J.L.Gressit (according to Melander, 1946: 114), A.L.Melander Collection 1961 ( USNM). The red label ‘ Holotype, Coptophlebia (= Empis ) hyalea Melander , male, teste

KEY TO SPECIES OF THE EMPIS ( COPTOPHLEBIA) ATRATATA View in CoL CLADE (MALES ONLY)

1. Wing brown, epandrium with 4 strong apical bristles ............................................. E. ( C.) velutinella Frey ( Myanmar) View in CoL Wing clear, epandrium with 1 strong apical bristle ( Daugeron et al., 2002: figs 1, 2)...................................................2

2. Black species; hind tibia and tarsus covered with numerous long bristles especially dorsally; hind tarsomeres strongly swollen................................................................................................. E. ( C.) atratata Daugeron & Grootaert ( Thailand) Brown species; hind tibia and tarsus only with shorter bristles dorsally; hind tarsomeres slender ............................. ..................................................................................................... E. ( C.) kosametensis Daugeron & Grootaert ( Thailand)

KEY TO SPECIES OF THE EMPIS ( COPTOPHLEBIA) HYALEA CLADE (MALES ONLY) 1. Third flagellomere distinctly aristiform .......................................................................................................................... 2 Third flagellomere shorter, styliform .................................................................. E. ( C.) inferiseta sp. nov. ( Vietnam)

2. Fore tibia with 1 distinct to spine-like dorsal or anterodorsal bristle near middle, sometimes with an additional distinct dorsal or anterodorsal bristle on apical half .......................................................................................................... 3 Fore tibia with 2 spine-like anterodorsal bristles near middle, or with a single regular dorsal or anterodorsal row of bristles.............................................................................................................................................................................. 10

3. Cercus without a minute posteroventral projection apically ......................................................................................... 4 Cercus with a minute posteroventral rounded projection apically ( Figs 19B View Figure 19 , 20 View Figure 20 ; Daugeron & Grootaert, 2003a: fig. 12) ................................................................................................................................................................................. 8

4. Fore tibia not distinctly deformed, somewhat S-shaped in frontal view ...................................................................... 5 Fore tibia distinctly deformed .......................................................................................................................................... 7

5. Wing brown ................................................................................................. E. ( C.) thiasotes Melander ( Indonesia: Java) Wing hyaline...................................................................................................................................................................... 6

6. First and basal half of second mid tarsomeres yellowish to whitish ......................... E. ( C.) hyalea Melander ( China) Mid tarsus brownish .................................................................................................. E. ( C.) leptargyra Frey ( Myanmar)

7. Labrum rather short, as long as head height, dorsal bristle on fore tibia spine-like, wing clear......................................................................................... E. ( C.) pseudospinotibialis Daugeron & Grootaert ( Thailand) Labrum distinctly longer than head height, dorsal bristle on fore tibia not spine-like, wing rather brownish.......... ............................................................................................................... E. ( C.) vitisalutatoris sp. nov. ( Singapore)

8. Last four fore tarsomeres strongly modified, considerably swollen ( Fig. 19A View Figure 19 ).... E. ( C.) ostentator Melander ( China) Last four fore tarsomeres not modified or only somewhat swollen............................................................................... 9

9. Fore tibia only narrowed at base, with 1 distinct anterodorsal bristle at middle and a second at apical quarter, mid tarsus swollen, halter blackish.................................................................................... E. ( C.) sinensis Melander ( China) Fore tibia distinctly deformed, with 1 anterodorsal spine at middle and a second less strong, shorter at apical quarter, mid tarsus not swollen, halter pale................................... E. ( C.) spinotibialis Daugeron & Grootaert ( Thailand)

10. Fore tibia with a single regular dorsal row of bristles longer than tibia depth, epandrium with a very long ventral bristle at base ( Daugeron & Grootaert, 2003a: fig. 3)............... E. ( C.) lamruensis Daugeron & Grootaert ( Thailand) Fore tibia with spine-like anterodorsal bristles not distinctly longer than tibia depth, epandrium without a very long ventral bristle at base ..................................................................................................................................................... 11

11. Last four fore tarsomeres swollen, somewhat rounded, fore tibia with an anterodorsal row of c. 5–6 strong bristles apically ending in 2 spines bristles, epandrium with c. 10 strong bristles at tip ( Daugeron & Grootaert, 2003a: fig. 8).................................................................................................. E. ( C.) pakensis Daugeron & Grootaert ( Thailand) Last four fore tarsomeres slender, fore tibia with an anterodorsal row of 8–10 short spine-like bristles not apically ending in 2 spines; epandrium with c. 4 strong bristles at tip ( Daugeron & Grootaert, 2003a: fig. 14) ...................... ......................................................................................................... E. ( C.) thapensis Daugeron & Grootaert ( Thailand)

W.J. Turner, 1981’ was added to the holotype. Paratypes: 2 males, same data but 1.vi.1936 ; 1 female, same data but 7.vi.1936 ( USNM) .