Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864

Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864 View in CoL

( Figures 1 View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 , 5 View FIGURE 5 , 6 View FIGURE 6 )

Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864:16 View in CoL .

Type locality: Thailand: Ajuthia [Ayutthaya] and Bangkok. Lectotype: MNHN 1867 About MNHN , designated by Bănărescu (1971:348, fig. 1).

Chela paralaubuca Günther, 1868:337 . Unnecessary replacement name for Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864 View in CoL .

Pseudolaubuca lateralis Sauvage, 1876:98 View in CoL .

Type locality: Cochinchine: rapids of the Mekong. Lectotype: MNHN 3932 About MNHN , designated by Bănărescu, 1971:348.

Chela stigmabrachium Fowler, 1934:109 View in CoL , fig. 62.

Type locality: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Mekong River at Chieng Sen. Holotype: ANSP 57458 About ANSP

Culter riveroi Fowler, 1935:108 View in CoL , fig. 34.

Type locality: Thailand: Bangkok. Holotype: ANSP 60803 About ANSP .

Paralaubuca typus View in CoL was described by Bleeker (1864) based on four specimens, 112–120 mm TL, from the Chao Phraya River in Ajuthia [Ayutthaya] and Bangkok, Thailand. The specimens were described as having 7 branched dorsal-fin rays, 13 pectoral-fin rays, 9 pelvic-fin rays, 29–30 branched anal-fin rays, and 17 branched caudal-fin rays, and had black pigment on the pectoral fins. In his revision of Paralaubuca, Bănărescu (1971) View in CoL selected a lectotype (MNHN 1867), then 92.1 mm SL, and paralectotypes (MNHN 1865 and 1866), 92–96.8 mm SL. Our count of lateral-line scales from the image of the lectotype ( Figure 6A View FIGURE 6 ) is 63.

Pseudolaubuca lateralis View in CoL was described by Sauvage (1876) from the Mekong River in Cochinchine—presumably in Cambodia or Laos ( Kottelat 2013). Little information on the morphology and no biometric values were provided. Sauvage (1881) relegated Pseudolaubuca lateralis View in CoL to the synonymy of Paralaubuca typus Bleeker 1864 View in CoL . Bănărescu (1971) examined 149 syntypes of P. lateralis View in CoL , 87.0–133.0 mm SL, designated a lectotype (MNHN 3932), and agreed with Sauvage (1881) that P. lateralis View in CoL is a synonym of P. typus View in CoL . For the types, Bănărescu gave an average branched anal-fin ray count of 26.3 and a range of 36–37 gill rakers. Our count of lateral-line scales from the image of the lectotype ( Figure 6B View FIGURE 6 ) is 60, and the estimated SL is 103 mm.

Chela stigmabrachium View in CoL was described by Fowler (1934) from 7 specimens 63–160 mm in total length (TL) from the Mekong River at Chiang Sen in northern Thailand. It was described as having 7 branched dorsal-fin rays, 15 pectoral-fin rays, 9 pelvic-fin rays, 31 gill rakers, 25–27 branched anal-fin rays, and the pigment on the pectoral fin as a “variable large medial blackish or dusky area.” Bănărescu (1971) gave the SL of the holotype ( Figure 6C View FIGURE 6 ) as 127.5 mm SL; we found it to be 122.4 mm SL.

Bănărescu (1971) considered Chela stigmabrachium View in CoL a valid species of Paralaubuca View in CoL based on black pigment on the pectoral fin but noted it otherwise to be identical to P. typus View in CoL . However, P. typus View in CoL often has black pigment on the pectoral fin, even noted by Bleeker (1864) in the original description of the species. After examining the holotype, we agree with Rainboth (1996) that C. stigmabrachium View in CoL is a synonym of P. typus View in CoL .

Culter riveroi View in CoL was described by Fowler (1935) from a single specimen 153 mm TL ( Figure 6D View FIGURE 6 ) collected in Bangkok, Thailand. It was described as having 53 lateral-line scales, 7 branched dorsal-fin rays, 25 branched anal-fin rays, 9 pelvic-fin rays, 14 pectoral-fin rays, and 42 gill rakers. Bănărescu (1971) examined the holotype and found it to be 125.7 mm SL; we found the holotype to be 119.3 mm SL and to have 61 lateral-line scales. Nothing in the original or subsequent published descriptions distinguishes C. riveroi View in CoL from P. typus View in CoL , and we consider it a synonym of P. typus View in CoL .

Diagnosis. Paralaubuca typus is most similar to P. barroni but distinguished by having 31–51 vs. 22–29 rakers on first gill arch, average of 58.4 vs. 54.8 lateral-line scales, and reaching much larger size, 152.5 vs 115.0 mm SL. Paralaubuca typus is distinguished from P. harmandi by having 51–68 vs. 70–87 lateral-line scales, usually 24–29 vs. usually 22–24 branched anal–fin rays, 20–28 (usually 26 or fewer) vs. 26–33 (usually 28–32) scales around caudal peduncle, 31–51 vs. 29–33 rakers on first gill arch, and 38–41 (usually 39–40, average=39.3, n=14) vs. 41–42 (usually 42, average=41.9, n=9) total vertebrae. Paralaubuca typus has longer anal fin and anal-fin base, and larger eye ( Table 9 View TABLE 9 ) than P. harmandi . It also has shorter lower lip than P. harmandi ( Table 9 View TABLE 9 ) reflecting proportionally shorter dentary ( Figure 5 View FIGURE 5 ). Paralaubuca typus is further distinguished from P. harmandi osteologically as described above and shown in Figure 5 View FIGURE 5 . Paralaubuca typus , reaching 152.5 mm SL, is smaller than P. harmandi , which reaches 265 mm SL.

Description. See description of genus. In three collections of P. typus from the Chao Phraya River basin in which gonads were examined to confirm the sex, females (n=17) were significantly deeper bodied than males (n=14) and reached a much larger size (152.5 vs. 116.1 mm SL) ( Figure 7 View FIGURE 7 ). In addition to being more slender, males at least seasonally have a more pronounced black midlateral stripe and more black pigment on the pectoral fin and edge of the caudal fin.

Distribution. Paralaubuca typus is known from the Chao Phraya, Mae Klong, and Tachin River basins of Thailand, and the Mekong River basin of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam ( Figure 8C View FIGURE 8 ).

Most observations and collections of P. typus have been in flowing water in moderate to large rivers. A few specimens have also been collected in impoundments. Paralaubuca typus is widespread and common in the Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins, but in the Mae Klong it is known only from a few localities in the lower basin and has not been documented there since the 1960s. However, it occurs in the adjacent Tachin River basin, and targeted sampling may reveal its occurrence in the lower Mae Klong River basin.

Paralaubuca typus View in CoL :

Chao Phraya River basin: Thailand: Ang Thong Province: UF 193722 , 1 , 49.7 , Chao Phraya R., Pa Mok, 14.45141, 100.45999, Tangjitjaroen, W., 11 Feb 2014 GoogleMaps . Ayutthaya Province: UF 248528 , 5 , 82.6 – 103.3 , Chao Phraya R., 14.17823, 100.50190, Tangjitjaroen, W., 21 Jun 2022 GoogleMaps ; UF 193653 , 2 , 85.5 - 90.7 , Chao Phraya R. at Bang Sai Fishing House, 14.17823, 100.50190, Tangjitjaroen, W., 14 Mar 2023 GoogleMaps ; UF 249257 , 7 of 33, 77.3–109.3, same locality as UF 193653, Miguez, J. & Tangjitjaroen, W., 20 Feb 2023 ; UF 249413 , 4 , 54.4 -87.0, same locality and collector as UF 193653 , 18 Nov 2022 ; UF 249527 , 16 of 33, 78.1–100.7, same locality and collector as UF 193653 , 7 Feb 2023 ; UF 249536 , 17 of 22, 67.5–87.4, same locality and collector as UF 193653 , 8 Feb 2023 . Bangkok Province: USNM 103297 About USNM , 2 About USNM , 141.9 About USNM – 145.7 About USNM , pond in Bangkok, 13.84101, 100.57557 (est.), Smith, H. M., 18 Mar 1924 GoogleMaps ; USNM 108124 About USNM , 4 About USNM , 68.2 About USNM – 77.7 About USNM , Chao Phraya R., 13.76121, 100.49172 (est.), Smith, H. M., 4 Jan 1925 GoogleMaps ; USNM 108125 About USNM , 2 About USNM , 93.1 About USNM – 99.3 About USNM , canal in Bangkok, 13.78604, 100.46600 (est.), Smith, H. M., 8 Sep 1934 GoogleMaps . Bangkok [now Samut Prakan] Province : ANSP 60803 About ANSP , holotype of Culter riveroi , 119.3, Chao Phraya R., 13.70562, 100.56186, Deschauensee, R. M., May 1934 GoogleMaps ; ANSP 89432 About ANSP , 7 About ANSP of 18, 98.0–110.2, Chao Phraya R., 13.70562, 100.56186, Deschauensee, R. M., 1936. Chainat Province GoogleMaps : UF 249815 , 2 , 79.2 – 121.4 , Chao Phraya R., 15.16195, 100.18802, Grudpan, C., no date. Chiang Mai Province GoogleMaps : NIFI 00060 View Materials , 2 View Materials , 88.2 View Materials – 95.5 View Materials , Mae Klang R., 18.49496, 98.66763 (est.), Kannasute, C., 15 Jan 1976 GoogleMaps ; NIFI 04314 View Materials , 5 View Materials of 11, 80.6–83.3, Ping R., 18.26798, 98.64147 (est.), no collector information, 14 Jan 1976 GoogleMaps ; UF 185735 , 4 of 11, 94.8–106.4, market in Hod (town) Ping R., 18.19250, 98.61277, Page, L. M., 7 Jan 2012 GoogleMaps ; UF 248515 , 1 , 124.2 , Maesoi Dam on Ping R., 18.26810, 98.64170, Tangjitjaroen, W., 31 Oct 2021 GoogleMaps . Kamphaeng Phet Province: UF 248615 , 4 , 95.6 – 133.2 , Ping R., 16.53040, 99.49430, Tangjitjaroen, W., 8 Feb 2022 GoogleMaps ; UF 249459 , 2 , 63.7 – 97.9 , Ping R., Ruen Thai Ban Rim Nam, Muang , 16.53063, 99.49418, Tangjitjaroen, W., 19 Nov 2022 GoogleMaps ; UF 249498 , 5 , 107.7 – 120.7 , same locality and collector as GoogleMaps UF 249459 , 6 Feb 2023 ; UF 193797 , 7 , 116.1 – 152.5 , same locality and collector as UF 249459 , 10 Feb 2024 . Nakhon Sawan Province: UF 248841 , 4 , 86.3 – 96.6 , Chao Phraya R. at confluence of Ping and Nan rivers, market in Nakhon Sawan, 15.70025, 100.13874, Randall, Z., et al., 8 Jun 2022 GoogleMaps . Petchabun Province: USNM 103290 About USNM , 2 About USNM , 88.4 About USNM – 100.5 About USNM , market, Pasak R., 15.46072, 101.10240 (est.), Smith, H. M., 27 Feb 1925 GoogleMaps . Pitsanulok Province: ANSP 89373 About ANSP , 4 About ANSP of 9, 113.3–120.8, Nan R., 16.82357, 100.26064, Deschauensee, R. M., 1936 GoogleMaps ; ANSP 89374 About ANSP , 6 About ANSP of 10, 87.5–110.8, Nan R., 16.82357, 100.26064, Deschauensee, R. M., 1936 GoogleMaps ; ANSP 89378 About ANSP , 5 About ANSP of 14, 102.7–113.8, Nan R., 16.82357, 100.26064, Deschauensee, R. M., no date GoogleMaps ; NIFI 04600 View Materials –B, 1, 59.2, Bang Kaeo canal, 16.81285, 100.13272 (est.), Suksri, S., 20 Oct 2010 GoogleMaps ; NIFI 04606 View Materials , 5 View Materials of 10, 61.2–71.4, Yom R., 16.83461, 100.05573 (est.), Suksri, S., 3 Aug 2011 GoogleMaps . Saraburi Province: UF 176518 , 4 , 104.3 – 114.3 , mark et al ong Rapeepat canal adjacent to Highway 1, 14.20777, 100.85555, Tangjitjaroen, W., 25 Oct 2009 GoogleMaps . Sukothai Province: ANSP 87398 About ANSP , 4 About ANSP of 5, 62.6–111.9, Mae Poon (or Mae Phun ) a small tributary of Yom R., 17.66667, 99.70 (est.), Deschauensee, R. M., 1936 ; ANSP 88043 About ANSP , 2 About ANSP , 60.4 About ANSP – 63.8 About ANSP , same data as ANSP 87398 ; ANSP 89541 About ANSP , 5 About ANSP of 16, 97.1–105.1, same data as ANSP 87398 ; NIFI 04713 View Materials , 4 View Materials , 48.9 View Materials – 56.1 View Materials , Sam Puang canal, 16.88253, 99.82786 (est.), Suksri, S., 21 Jan 2010 GoogleMaps .

Mae Klong River basin: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province: NIFI 00082 View Materials , 2 View Materials , 116.5 View Materials – 125.9 View Materials , Mae Klong R., 13.99587, 99.53888 (est.), Tiancharoen, P., 1 Jun 1966 GoogleMaps ; UMMZ 195833 View Materials , 7 View Materials of 13, 80.1–93.1, Khwae Noi R., ca. 20 km upstream of Kanchanaburi, 13.90182, 99.46191, Lagler, K. F., et al., 23 Mar 1965 GoogleMaps ; UMMZ 195849 View Materials , 1 View Materials , 82.3 View Materials , Mae Klong R. at Kanchanaburi (confluence of Khwae Noi and Khwae Yai ), 14.01898, 99.52661, Lagler, K. F., et al., 23 Mar 1965 GoogleMaps ; UMMZ 195863 View Materials , 5 View Materials of 9, 100.6–121.9, Khwae Yai about 10 Km upstream of Kanchanaburi, 13.93990, 99.48946, Lagler, K. F., et al., 24 Mar 1965 GoogleMaps ; UMMZ 195875 View Materials , 5 View Materials , 58.6 View Materials – 98.8 View Materials , Khwae Yai , ca. 8 km upstream of Kanchanaburi, 13.94431, 99.47435, Lagler, K. F., et al., 24 Mar 1965 GoogleMaps . Ratchaburi Province: UMMZ 195896 View Materials , 5 View Materials , 75.4 View Materials – 124.4 View Materials , Mae Klong R. at Ban Pong , 2 km downstream, 13.81823, 99.86522, Lagler, K. F., et al., 25 Mar 1965 GoogleMaps ; UMMZ 196219 View Materials , 1 View Materials , 61.4 View Materials , market in vicinity of Ratchaburi, 13.54110, 99.82483, Lagler, K. F. and Thiemed, J., 14 Nov 1964 GoogleMaps .

Mekong R. basin: Cambodia: Battambang Province: UMMZ 232403 View Materials , 3 View Materials , 67–73 View Materials , 13.25629, 103.60108 (est.), Rainboth, W. J., et al., 8 Feb 1995 GoogleMaps . Phnom Penh Province: UMMZ 234716 View Materials , 3 View Materials of 4, 62.9–69.8, Prek Muk Kandal across Tonle Sap Phnom Penh , 11.66661, 104.86334, Rainboth, W. J., 1 Mar 1996 GoogleMaps ; UF 190474 , 5 of 6, 61.9–97.1, morning market at Stung Treng, 13.53061, 105.97102, Page, L. M., 22 May 2016 GoogleMaps . Stung Treng Province: UMMZ 232351 View Materials , 1 View Materials , 53.7 View Materials , Mekong R. rapids, 13.46667, 105.95, Rainboth, W. J., et al., 29 Jan 1995 ; UMMZ 234670 View Materials , 5 View Materials of 10, 53.3–66.0, Mekong R., 13.61666, 106.050, Rainboth, W. J., 14 Feb 1996 GoogleMaps . Laos: Bokeo Province: UMMZ 241055 View Materials , 1 View Materials , 57.1 View Materials , Mekong R., 9 km upstream of Houay Xai , 20.36667, 100.36667, Rainboth, W. J. & Virawong, S., 22 Apr 1997 GoogleMaps . Champasak Province: UMMZ 235309 View Materials , 3 View Materials , 96–137 View Materials , Mekong R. at Ban Hang Khone , 13.93333, 105.93333, Baird, I., no date GoogleMaps . Savannakhet Province: UMMZ 241585 View Materials , 13 View Materials , 58.1–98.8 mm, Xe Bangfai at Ban Hatkhamhiang , 17.06667, 104.91667, Rainboth, W. J., 27 Mar 1998 GoogleMaps ; UMMZ 241779 View Materials , 7 View Materials , Savannakhet market, 16.58333, 104.76667, Rainboth, W. J., 4 Jan 1998 GoogleMaps . Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: ANSP 57458 About ANSP , holotype of Chela stigmabrachium , 122.4, Mekong R. at Chieng Saen , 20.27540, 100.08921, Deschauensee, R. M., 10 Feb 1933 GoogleMaps ; ANSP 57459–57464 About ANSP , 4 About ANSP of 6 paratypes of Chela stigmabrachium , 109.7–122.5, Mekong R. at Chieng Saen , 20.27540, 100.08921, Deschauensee, R. M., 10 Feb 1933 GoogleMaps ; UF 170314 , 1 , 80.7 , Kok R., 19.96958, 99.96868, Page, L. M., et al., 12 Nov 2007 GoogleMaps ; UF 178162 , 1 , 147 , market in Chiang Saen , Mekong R., 20.33583, 100.08777, Tangjitjaroen, W. and Page, L. M., 15 May 2010 GoogleMaps . Khon Kaen Province: UMMZ 236950 View Materials , 1 View Materials , 90 View Materials , Pong Neeb , trib. Pong R., 16.7738, 102.62127, Witt, et al., no date GoogleMaps . Maha Sarakham Province: UMMZ 195795 View Materials , 1 View Materials , reservoir at Maha Sarakhan , 16.17195, 103.26605, Lagler, et al., 12 Feb 1965 GoogleMaps . Nakhon Phanom Province: CAS 226022 About CAS , 5 About CAS of 6, 98.4–106.1, Mekong R. mainstream at Bung Kla , ca. 140 km northwest of Nakhon Phanom, 18.31239, 103.99147, Roberts, T. R., 7 Jul 1985 GoogleMaps ; UF 249821 , 5 of 8, 59.1–62.6, market at Mekong R., 17.40384, 104.78788 (est.), Grudpan, C., 4 Sep 1997 GoogleMaps . Nong Khai Province: NIFI 01149 View Materials , 7 View Materials , 74.3 View Materials – 119.1 View Materials , Mekong R., 17.88465, 102.74601 (est.), no collector information, no date GoogleMaps ; UMMZ 195489 View Materials , 1 View Materials of 62, 47 Mekong R. at Ban Si Chiang Mai, 17.95961, 102.58834, Lagler, K. F., et al., 5 Feb 1965 GoogleMaps . Sisaket Province: NIFI 04252 View Materials , 1 View Materials of 2, 49.9, Bung Kra Sang Swamp , 14.97323, 104.62848 (est.), no collector information, 3 Dec 1993 GoogleMaps ; UF 248754 , 1 , 95.7 , Mun R. at Rasi Salai Dam and market specimens from Rasi Salai , 15.34318, 104.09897, Randall, Z., et al., 6 Jun 2022 GoogleMaps . Ubon Ratchathani Province: ANSP 87239 About ANSP , 6 About ANSP , 82.1 About ANSP – 113.6 About ANSP , Khemmarat on Mekong R., 16.04409, 105.22381, Deschauensee, R. M., 1936 GoogleMaps ; ANSP 203499 About ANSP , 3 About ANSP , 55.3 About ANSP – 81.0, market at Warinchamrap on Mun R., 15.19928, 104.86521 (est.), Bornbusch, A., 26 Mar 1987 GoogleMaps ; AUM 56042 View Materials , 4 View Materials of 9, 61.1–81.1, Mun R. at Bung –ma–laeng Village , 18.1 km east of Ubon Ratchathani, 15.27328, 105.02805, Armbruster, J. W., et al., 7 Jan 2012 GoogleMaps ; NIFI 04156 View Materials , 1 View Materials , 89.7 View Materials , Mekong R., 15.31783, 105.49130 (est.), Vidthayanon, C., et al., 29 May 1989 GoogleMaps ; NIFI 04295 View Materials , 1 View Materials , 65.5 View Materials , Mun R., 15.30859, 105.49353 (est.), no collector information, 23 Sep 1992 GoogleMaps ; UF 249823 , 3 , 77.4 – 78.3 , Mekong R., 15.31808, 105.49122 (est.), Grudpan, C., 16 Jul 2005 GoogleMaps ; UF 249819 , 1 , 89.4 , same locality and collector as GoogleMaps UF 249817 , 5 Jul 2008 ; UF 249820 , 7 , 68.5 –77.0, Mun R., 15.13215, 104.70467 (est.), Grudpan, C., 19 Aug 2005 GoogleMaps ; UF 249822 , 3 of 13, 47.4–75.4, Mekong R., 15.57147, 105.62429 (est.), Grudpan, C., 18 Nov 2012 GoogleMaps ; UMMZ 218829 View Materials , 2 View Materials , X-rays, Mun R. at Ban Dan , 15.30059, 105.48076, Songrad & Buskirk, 7 Apr 1975 GoogleMaps ; UF 170312 , 6 of 16, 64.4–119.4, from fishers at Mun R. in Warinchumrab , 15.17861, 104.70665, Page, L. M., et al., 16 Nov 2007 GoogleMaps ; UF 249813 , tissue only, same data as UF 170312 GoogleMaps ; UF 170313 , 2 , 73.7 – 89.6 , Rim Mun Market in Ubon Ratchathani, from Mun R., 15.22438, 104.8590, Page, L. M. and Tangjitjaroen, W., 15 Nov 2007 GoogleMaps ; UF 245585 , 5 of 8, 61.3–83.6, Mun R. southeast of Khong Chiam , 15.30803, 105.49011, Page, L. M., et al., 23 Jan 2020 GoogleMaps ; UF 249374 , 11 of 30, 76.8–88.6, Rim Mun Market in Ubon Ratchathani: Mun R., 15.22438, 104.8590, Miguez, J., et al., 28 Feb 2023 GoogleMaps ; USNM 271327 About USNM , 5 About USNM of 10, 65.3–84.1, market in Ubon Ratchathani, 15.22416, 104.85872 (est.), no collector information, 4 Jun 1971 GoogleMaps ; USNM 271540 About USNM , 2 About USNM of 13, 66.6–70.5, market in Ubon Ratchathani at edge of Mun R., 15.22416, 104.85872 (est.), no collector information, 14 Sep 1971 GoogleMaps ; USNM 305767 About USNM , 3 About USNM , 55.3 About USNM – 63.2 About USNM , market in Warinchamrap , 15.19928, 104.86521 (est.), Bornbusch, A. H., 26–30 Mar 1987 GoogleMaps . Vietnam: Phong Dinh Province : UMMZ 218151 View Materials , 2 View Materials , 38–41 View Materials , Bassac R., 0.5 km downstream of Can Tho, 10.04, 105.80599, Arden, R. & Minh, D., 3 Nov 1974 . Song Hau River basin: An Giang Province: UF 241500 , 4 , 42.8 – 46.7 , An Phu District , Chau Doc R., 10.79833, 105.07305, Thai, T., 10 Sep 2013 GoogleMaps . Vam Co River basin: Long An Province: UF 241488 , 5 of 8, 64.7–72.9, Vam Co Tay R., 10.78316, 105.92966, Thai, T., 17 Sep 2013 GoogleMaps .

Tachin River basin: Thailand: Nakhon Pathom Province: ANSP 212803 About ANSP , 3 About ANSP , 57.9 About ANSP – 117.6 About ANSP , Tachin River , 14.03431, 100.1745, Tangjitjaroen, et al., 8 May 2024 GoogleMaps .