Cis okennoni Lopes-Andrade and Ferro, 2020

Cis okennoni Lopes-Andrade and Ferro , new species

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( Figs. 1–16 View Figs View Figs )

Type Locality. Fort Worth Nature Center and Refuge   GoogleMaps ( USA: Texas: Tarrant Co.), 32° 49' 42.60" N, 97° 49' 46.44" W.

Etymology. The species is named okennoni in honor of Bob O’ Kennon, who collected most of the type series.

Diagnosis. Among species in the C. cayensis species-group, C. okennoni is unique in possessing single elytral punctation ( Fig. 5 View Figs ), an acute outer apical angle of the protibia, and males with the anterior edge of the pronotum projected into two conspicuous horns ( Figs. 1, 2, 4 View Figs ). A comparison of species in the C. cayensis species-group is provided in Table 1 View Table 1 .

Description. Male Holotype. Adult fully pigmented and in good condition ( Figs. 1–3 View Figs ). Measurements: TL = 1.56 mm, PL = 0.61 mm, PW = 0.69 mm, EL = 0.95 mm, EW = 0.75 mm, GD = 0.57 mm. Ratios: PL/PW = 0.88, EL/EW = 1.27, EL/PL = 1.56, GD/EW = 0.76, TL/EW = 2.08. Body: Oblong, convex; dorsum and venter dark brown; antennae, palpi, and tarsi dark reddish brown; dorsal vestiture of very minute setae about as long as 1 puncture width ( Fig. 5 View Figs ); ventral vestiture of short, decumbent setae, usually longer than dorsal vestiture ( Figs. 6, 7 View Figs ). Head: Only anterior portion visible from above ( Fig. 1 View Figs ); anterior edge produced forward and slightly upward in 2 short, subtriangular plates, with rounded apices and separated by about 1 eye width ( Figs. 3, 4 View Figs ); dorsum shiny, shallowly microreticulate, sparsely punctate; vertex elevated and convex at longitudinal midline (forming conspicuous protuberance), with a margined concavity at each side. Antennae: With 10 antennomeres ( Fig. 6 View Figs ), lengths as follows (in mm, right antenna measured): 0.06, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.02, 0.02, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03, 0.06 (FL = 0.11 mm, CL = 0.16 mm, CL/FL = 1.45). Eyes: Suboval, coarsely faceted, with about 60–70 ommatidia; GW = 0.11. Gula: 0.52× as wide as head. Pronotum: Coarsely, confusedly punctate, narrow, longitudinal impunctate midline close to posterior edge ( Fig. 5 View Figs ); punctures separated by about 1–2 puncture widths; interspaces markedly microreticulate; anterior edge produced forward and upward to form 2 slightly divergent horns ( Figs. 1, 4 View Figs ) separated from each other at base by 1 eye width and preceded by broad, shallow concavity; lateral edges barely crenulate, not explanate, not visible from above. Scutellar shield: Subtriangular, sparsely, shallowly punctate, interspaces shallowly microreticulate ( Fig. 5 View Figs ); BW = 0.08; SL = 0.05. Elytra: Singly, confusedly punctate ( Fig. 5 View Figs ), punctation slightly sparser than on pronotum; interspaces shallowly microreticulate. Metathoracic wings: Developed, apparently functional. Hypomera: Coarsely, shallowly, sparsely punctate ( Fig. 6 View Figs ); interspaces microreticulate. Prosternum: Short ( Fig. 6 View Figs ); tumid at longitudinal midline, subcarinate; coarsely, sparsely punctate; interspaces microreticulate. Prosternal process: Subparallel-sided, slightly curved inward ( Figs. 3, 6 View Figs ); about as long as prosternum at midline beyond procoxae; apex rounded. Protibiae: Not expanded, devoid of spines; outer apical angle projected as acute tooth. Meso- and metatibiae: Not expanded; outer apical angle rounded; apical edge with row of spines. Metaventrite: 0.47× as long as abdominal ventrites together ( Figs. 3, 7 View Figs ); coarsely punctate; interspaces microreticulate except for smooth, impunctate area at middle; discrimen about 1/4 length of metaventrite. Abdominal ventrites: Coarsely, shallowly punctate ( Figs. 3, 7 View Figs ); interspaces microreticulate; length of ventrites (in mm, from base to apex at the longitudinal midline) as follows: 0.23, 0.08, 0.07, 0.07, 0.07; 1 st abdominal ventrite with large, oval, margined, setose sex patch anteriorly that is 0.48× as long as ventrite, length 0.11 mm, transverse diameter 0.09 mm. Male abdominal terminalia of paratypes: Sternite VIII ( Fig. 8 View Figs ) subtrapezoidal; posterior edge curved inwardly, with short setae; posterior sides rounded, bearing long slender setae. Tegmen ( Figs. 10, 11 View Figs ) curved in lateral view ( Fig. 10 View Figs ), concave dorsally, 4.35× as long as wide; anterior portion elongate, triangular; posterior portion triangular. Size and shape of basal piece ( Fig. 9 View Figs ) similar to those of anterior portion of tegmen, 1.42× as long as wide. Penis ( Figs. 12, 13 View Figs ) curved in lateral view, 0.77× as long as tegmen, 8× as long as wide; apex with subtriangular, membranous expansions.

Female. Head with convex vertex, devoid of any impression; anterocephalic edge ( Fig. 14 View Figs ) slightly projecting, with shallow, round emargination at middle forming 2 short projections that are broadly rounded apically; gula 0.36× as wide as head. Pronotum with anterior edge broadly rounded; lateral edges more crenulate than in males. First abdominal ventrite devoid of sex patch. Female abdominal terminalia: Spiculum ventrale ( Fig. 15 View Figs ) 0.94× length of paraprocts, gonocoxites, and gonostyli combined. Gonocoxites ( Fig. 16 View Figs ) with 3 ventral lobes on each side; each apical lobe 1.32× as long as basal lobes together, with a slender gonostylus inserted apically. Paraprocts ( Fig. 16 View Figs ) 1.26× length of gonocoxites (excluding gonostyli), with a pair of baculi. Proctiger about as long as paraprocts, with a pair of baculi.

Variation. Male measurements (n = 9, including holotype): TL = 1.28–1.90 mm (1.53±0.20), PL = 0.48–0.73 mm (0.61±0.09), PW = 0.55–0.85 mm (0.69±0.09), EL = 0.78–1.18 mm (0.92±0.13), EW = 0.63–0.88 mm (0.74±0.08),GD = 0.45–0.63 mm (0.56±0.06), PL/PW = 0.79–0.96 (0.88±0.05), EL/EW = 1.10–1.34 (1.25±0.08), EL/PL = 1.19–1.79 (1.52±0.18), GD/EW = 0.71–0.81 (0.76±0.03), TL/EW = 2.00–2.17 (2.08±0.06). Female measurements (n = 6): TL = 1.23–1.58 mm (1.40±0.15), PL = 0.43–0.58 mm (0.51±0.05), PW = 0.55–0.70 mm (0.64±0.06), EL = 0.78–1.05 mm (0.89±0.11), EW = 0.58–0.78 mm (0.70±0.07), GD = 0.48–0.60 mm (0.55±0.05), PL/PW = 0.75–0.84 (0.80±0.04), EL/EW = 1.07–1.40 (1.27±0.12), EL/PL = 1.48–2.00 (1.74±0.18), GD/EW = 0.76–0.83 (0.79±0.02), TL/ EW = 1.79–2.13 (2.00±0.12). The secondary sexual features of males (vertexal elevation, anterocephalic plates, pronotal horns, and abdominal sex patch) vary in length, as occurs in several other species of Cis .

Type Material. Holotype: ♂ (in MCZ) labeled “ USA: Texas: Tarrant Co. Fort Worth Nature Center N 32.8285, W 97.4629 21 December 2016 ex Xylobolus frustulatus on post oak log. col. B. O’ Kennon \ Cis okennoni Lopes-Andrade & Ferro HOLOTYPUS [printed in red label]”. GoogleMaps Paratypes (13♂♂ and 9♀♀): 8♂♂ (4 CELC, 1 dissected; 4 CUAC, first three damaged, with database identification labels CUAC000077871 , CUAC000077872 , CUAC000077873 , and CUAC000077874 ) and 5♀♀ (2 CELC, 1 dissected; 1 MCZ; 2 CUAC with database identification labels CUAC000077875 and CUAC000077876 ), same locality data as holotype GoogleMaps ; 4♂♂ (1 ANIC; 1 CELC, dissected; 2 FMNH) and 2♀♀ (CELC, FMNH) “ OKLAHOMA: Marshall Co.; Willis [printed] ( 2 mi W) 12.VII.1969 [handwritten] \ Butress Debris W. Suter leg. [printed] stump [handwritten]” ; 1♀ ( ANIC) “ CHATTAHOOCHIE [sic] ST. PK . HOUSTON CO. ALA. IV-2-69 [handwritten \ J. F. Lawrence Lot. [printed] 2708 [handwritten] \ S. Peck collector [printed] \ STEREUM SUBPILEATUM [handwritten]” ; 1♂ and 1♀ ( NMNH) “ Hancock Co. Miss [printed] 28.8 [handwritten]”, the male additionally labeled “Coll Hubbard & Schwarz ” . All paratypes additionally labeled “ Cis okennoni Lopes-Andrade & Ferro PARATYPUS [printed in yellow label]”.

Host Fungi. There are only two host records, both in Xylobolus : X. frustulatus , a breeding record (criteria sensu Orledge and Reynolds 2005); and a record of a single female in X. subpileatus (Berk. and M. A. Curtis) Boidin , based on label data (see Type Material). Xylobolus frustulatus only occurs on Quercus L. (oaks) worldwide, but in the Arlington and Fort Worth area of Texas, only on Q. stellata . In addition, this fungus is a specialist on decorticated hard wood on decaying logs on ground sites and sometimes is present on many logs in a given area. Basidiomes of X. frustulatus are identified easily with pictures because of the ivorycolored, flattened ceramic-tile frustules. The beetles occur in older frustules that are weather-beaten and have lost their color and general habit. Fungal-beetle geographical distribution and collection records are associated with collectors who target oak woods. Most recently beetles were observed in X. frustulatus in Missouri at Lake of the Ozarks State Park , Camden County, Camp Clover Point , Missouri Mycological Society Foray , Sept. 30, 2017 (HWK, personal observation). Unfortunately , voucher specimens were not preserved for future study. Quercus stellata populations and habitats should be observed for this fungus and beetle in the following states: Kansas, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The type locality on Greer Island at the Fort Worth Nature Center and Refuge had six Q. stellata logs with the fungus-beetle association, and three of these logs were transported to the Botanical Research Institute of Texas to study the life cycle stages of the beetles. A specimen of X. frustulatus was deposited in the BRIT herbarium as R. J. O’ Kennon 31027 (BRIT barcode 59723).

Distribution. South-central to southeastern USA ( Texas, Alabama, Mississippi, and Oklahoma) ( Fig. 17 View Fig ).