Cyphostemma dehongense L. M. Lu & V. C. Dang, 2017

Cyphostemma dehongense L. M. Lu & V. C. Dang View in CoL , sp. nov. — TYPE: CHINA. Yunnan province: Dehong, Yingjiang, Tongbiguan   GoogleMaps , near King   GoogleMaps of Ficus , W slope, road side, 877 m, 97° 35 0 43.30E, 24° 40 0 00.20N, 30 Apr 2016, Z. D. Chen YJ28 (holotype: PE!; isotype: PE!).

Cyphostemma dehongense is morphologically similar to C. auriculatum , but differs from it by having a larger ovary (2.7–3.2 mm in diam in C. dehongense vs. 1.5–2 mm in diam in C. auriculatum ; Fig. 1E View FIG ), longer styles (2.9–3.1 mm in C. dehongense vs. 0.8–1.2 mm in C. auriculatum ; Fig. 1E View FIG ), and larger berries (2–3 cm in diam in C. dehongense vs. 1–1.7 cm in diam in C. auriculatum ; Fig. 1F View FIG ) ( Table 1).

Large woody climber. Older stems cylindrical, growing to 14 cm in diam, bark corky and deeply fissured; younger stems ridged, yellow-brownish, sometimes with lenticels. Tendrils leaf-opposed, bifurcate, robust, and pubescent in younger branches. Leaves digitately compound, 5-foliolate, or usually 3- or 4-foliolate on the reproductive branches; petiole 5–15 cm 3 3–5 mm, petiolule of central leaflet 1.5–4 cm long, petiolules of lateral leaflets 1–3 cm long, pilose; central leaflet ovate-elliptic, 10–15 3 6–9 cm, lateral leaflets 7.5–12 3 5–7 cm, leaflet blade abaxially light green or pink, adaxially dark green, pubescent on both surfaces, apex acute or shortly acuminate, base obtuse, margin serrate with 15–20 rounded teeth on each side, veins prominent on the abaxial side, 1 main basal vein, 5–7 pairs of secondary veins. Stipules falcate, 1–1.5 3 0.3–0.7 cm, conspicuous. Inflorescence a compound cyme, dichotomously branched, axillary or pseudo-terminal, 10–26 cm long; peduncles 10–14 cm 3 3.5–6 mm, densely pubescent. Flowers 4–6 mm long; pedicel 4–9 mm long, densely pubescent. Calyx cupular, entire, pubescent. Petals 4, ovate-elliptic to oblong, constricted at the middle, 3–5 3 1.5–2 mm, tomentose outside. Stamens 4, filaments filiform, 2.7–3.2 mm long, anthers yellow, ovate. Ovary 2.7–3.2 mm in diam, hairy, style 2.9–3.1 mm long, stigmas inconspicuous. Floral disk with four separate glands, almost covering the ovary, yellow. Fruit a 1-seeded berry, globose, 2–3 cm in diam, glabrous, base attenuate. Seed oblong-obovoid, 9–10 3 5.5–6.5 mm, rugose on adaxial side with linear groove, abaxial side with a crest. Endosperm M-shaped.

Phenology —Flowering from February to March; fruiting from March to May.

Distribution and Habitat —The new species is only known from the vicinity of the type locality over a range of 75 km, in the tropical monsoon forest at an altitude of 700 to 1,000 m in Dehong, Yunnan, China ( Fig. 4 View FIG ).

Etymology —The specific epithet “ dehongense ” refers to the type locality, Dehong prefecture in Yunnan Province.

Conservation Status —Four populations of the new species have been discovered in the protected areas so far. Its area of occupancy (AOO) is less than 20 km 2. Although individuals grow well, the new species is suffering from loss of natural habitats due to the ongoing deforestation in its distribution range. If an IUCN Red List evaluation was conducted, the species would be classified as vulnerable (VU D2).

Representative Specimens Examined — CHINA. Yunnan, Dehong, Yingjiang, Tongbiguan , near King of Ficus , W slope, road side, 877 m, 97° 35 0 43.30E, 24° 40 0 00.20N, 9 Nov 2014, Z. D. Chen et al. DH45 ( PE) GoogleMaps ; Yunnan, Dehong, Yingjiang, near King of Ficus , 918 m, 97° 45 0 32.40E, 24° 46 0 09.90N, 1 May 2016, B. Liu et al. 26138 ( PE) GoogleMaps ; Yunnan, Dehong, Yingjiang, Taiping Town , Xueli Village , 751 m, 97° 57 0 55.30E, 24° 45 0 04.40N, 2 May 2016, B. Liu et al. 26181 ( PE) GoogleMaps ; Yunnan, Dehong, Yingjiang, Taiping Town , Xueli Village , 755 m, 98° 01 0 28.40E, 24° 45 0 48.10N, 2 May 2016, B. Liu et al. 26182 ( PE) GoogleMaps .

NEW RECORD FROM VIETNAM — CYPHOSTEMMA AURICULATUM

(Roxb.) P. Singh & B. V. Shetty, Taxon 35(3): 596. 1986.

Cissus auriculata Roxb., Fl. Ind. View in CoL 1: 430. 1820. Vitis auriculata View in CoL

(Roxb.) Wall., Numer. List [Wallich] 206. 1828–1849.

Cayratia auriculata (Roxb.) Gamble, Fl. Madras 2: 237.

1918.— TYPE: Roxburgh Flora Indica illustration in Kew,

No. 1788 (lectotype: K!, designated by Trias-Blasi et al.

2015a: 2).

Phenology —Flowering from February to March; fruiting from March to May.

Distribution and Habitat —In mixed deciduous forests and degraded, fire-prone areas of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Laos, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam, 600–1,300 m ( Fig. 4 View FIG ).

Conservation Status — Trias-Blasi et al. (2015a) recommended to treat this species as data deficient (DD) due to insufficient specimen data from other Asian countries. It is known from four populations in Thailand and only two populations were found in the non-protected forest areas of northern Vietnam. If an IUCN Red List evaluation was conducted ( IUCN, 2012), the conservation status of C. auriculatum would be Data Deficient (DD), because thorough field investigations should be conducted to determine the distribution and abundance of the species.

Representative Specimens Examined — INDIA. Rajmahal, Ganges R., 1820, Wallich 6031a (K); Irrawaddy R. [Ayeyarwady R.], Yenangheum [Yenangyaung], 1825, Wallich 6031b (K); Prome [Pyay],

1826, Wallich 6031c ( K). LAOS. Haut laos, 15 km de Phong Saly sur piste de Bun Tai, 1200 m, 8 May 1936, E. Poilane 26021 ( P). THAILAND. Mae Hong Son, Mae Sariang Dist., 44–45 km markers ca. 44.5 km W of Hot , 5 Nov 2003, J. Wen 7405 (US). VIETNAM. Quang Tri, Laobao , 256.2 km de la route du Mékong, 8 Apr 1920, E. Poilane 1358 ( P) ; Son La, Mai Son, Phieng Cam, 930 m, 103° 49 0 37.10E, 21° 05 0 49.60N, 2 Aug 2016, V. C. Dang 201624D ( PE) GoogleMaps .