Bertolonia maculata De Candolle (1828: 114)

10. Bertolonia maculata De Candolle (1828: 114) View in CoL . Figure 14 View FIGURE 14 .

Herbs 10–30 cm tall, terrestrial, epiphytic, rarely rupiculous. Stem 3–6 mm wide, rounded, densely glandulose-punctate (trichomes less than 0.1 mm long) and densely glandulose-villose (trichomes 2–4 mm long). Leaves opposite; petioles 2–8.4 cm long, rounded or quadrangular, moderately to densely glandulose-punctate and moderately to densely glandulose-villose (trichomes 1.3–2.7 mm long); blades 3.4–14.5 × 2.5–8.9 cm, flat, elliptic to widely ovate, base cordate, seldom subcordate, apex acute or obtuse, seldom acuminate, margins entire, moderately ciliate, adaxial surface green, sparsely to moderately glandulose-punctate and moderately to densely glandulose-villose (trichomes 1.5–2 mm long, brownish), abaxial surface vinaceous, moderately to densely glandulose-punctate and sparsely glandulosevillose (trichomes 1.2–1.5 mm long, brownish), main veins 5, seldom 3, plus two pairs that do not reach the leaf apex, basal. Inflorescences terminal, 6–15 cm long ( 15.5–19.5 cm long in infructescences), branches densely glandulosepunctate and densely glandulose-villose, glabrous when old. Bracts and bracteoles not seen. Hypanthium 2.4–3.1 × 3–3.7 mm, short terete or obconic, glandulose-punctate and glandulose-villose. Sepals ovate, apex acute, seldom rounded, margins entire, ciliate, both surfaces glandulose-punctate and glandulose-villose. Petals 6.5–9 × 2.5–4.5 mm, pink, elliptic, base cuneate, apex apiculate, the apiculum ca. 0.8 mm long, with a caducous gland head, margins entire, eciliate, both surfaces papillose, otherwise glabrous. Stamens 3.6–6.3 mm long; filaments 1.2–3.7 mm long; anthers 2–2.7 mm long, cream colored, narrowly oblong, surface flat or slightly undulate, pore rounded, thickened margins, introrse; connective shortly dorsally prolonged (ca. 0.1 mm), unappendaged. Style 3.3–7.8 mm long, straight, glabrous. Fruits 0.4–0.7 × 0.9–1.2 cm. Seeds widely fusiform.

Examined material: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Eunápolis, Almeida 33 ( CEPEC!, US); Belém 2645 ( CEPEC!, US). Guaratinga, Santos, T.S. 897 ( CEPEC!, RB, US). Itabuna, Mello Filho 2993 ( CEPEC!). Itamaraju, Amorim 6852 ( CEPEC!); Jardim, J.G. 3941 ( CEPEC!, HUEFS!, NY); Martinelli 14824 ( RB!); Mori 10686 ( CEPEC!, K, NY, RB!, US). Porto Seguro, Amorim 4254 ( CEPEC!, UPCB!); Carvalho 172 ( CEPEC!, MBML!, RB); Carvalho 357 ( CEPEC!); Mello Filho 2947 ( CEPEC!); Mello Filho 2989 ( CEPEC!); Harley 16139 ( CEPEC!, NY, US, K); Lopes 917 ( CEPEC!); Paixão 1889 ( CEPEC!, UESC!); Pereira 27 ( ALCB!, CEPEC); Thomas 12049 ( CEPEC!). Santa Cruz de Cabrália, Bonfim 511 ( CEPEC!, UEC!, UPCB!); Eupunino 164 ( CEPEC!, US); Guedes 6682 ( ALCB!); Mori 10864 ( CEPEC!); Santos, F.S. 355 ( CEPEC!, US); Webster 25094 ( CEPEC!, MO). Una, Martini 29 ( CEPEC!, UESC!); Martini 142 ( CEPEC!, UESC!); Mattos-Silva 1292 ( CEPEC!, HUEFS!, US). Uruçuca, Amorim 622 ( CEPEC!); Bacci 239 ( UEC!); Jardim, J.G. 4165 ( CEPEC!, HUEFS!).

Conservation Status: — Bertolonia maculata has an EOO of 73,894 km ² and AOO of 42,500 km ², and should be classified as “Least Concern” (LC), following IUCN (2017) categories. In Bahia, this species has been found in the conservation units “ Estação Ecológica Pau-Brasil ”, “ Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Veracel ” and “ Reserva Biológica de Una ” but also within private properties .

Notes: — Bertolonia maculata occurs in the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo. In Bahia, the species is widely distributed in lowland rainforests ( Fig. 13b View FIGURE 13 ) along the central and southern coast, with some specimens also collected inland, in this case in the southern region of the state, in low elevation areas ( 100–450 m), on rocky outcrops or at the base of trees ( Baumgratz 1990). Collected with flowers and fruits between January and February, and June to November. Bertolonia maculata can be distinguished by the stem, petioles and hypanthium densely glandulose-villose (the trichomes 1.3–4 mm long), petals with an apiculate apex and anthers dehiscing through an introrse pore with thickened margins. It is closely related to B. marmorata , and they differ mainly by the morphology of the anthers. Bertolonia maculata has anthers with a flat or slightly undulate surface, and dehiscing through an introrse pore with thickened margins ( vs. undulate anthers with extrorse pores that do not have thickened margins). Bertolonia maculata is also similar to Bertolonia carmoi , and differs from it by the petals with an apiculate apex ( vs. acuminate or acute in B. carmoi ) and unappendaged anthers ( vs. dorsally bilobed in B. carmoi ) For more details see Baumgratz (1990) and Table 1 View TABLE 1 .