Tovomita schomburgkii Planch. & Triana

50. Tovomita schomburgkii Planch. & Triana View in CoL in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, 14: 274. 1860. – Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Roraima, Guyane anglaise, 1842–1843, R. H. Schomburgk 753 (G [ G00355502 ] photo!; isolectotypes: BM [ BM000047396 ] photo!, BM [ BM000047397 ] photo!, G [ G00355503 ] photo!, G photo!, K [ K000488539 ]!, NY [ NY00578993 ]!, NY

[NY00578994]!, W [no. W-1889-309874]!).

= Tovomita martiana Engl. in Martius & al., Fl. Bras. 12(1): 453. 1888, syn. nov. – Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, (verisimiliter amazonica), loco acuratius haud addicto: C. F. P. Martius s.n. (M [ M0086211 ]!; isolectotypes: M [ M0086212 ]!, M [ M0086213 ]!, M [ M0086214 ]!).

Description — Shrubs or trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellowish-white, scarce. Petioles 12–27 mm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 13–20 × 5.5–7.5 cm, greenish to greyish in sicco, black dots absent, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate, rarely with drip tip; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals clearly visible abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially, as blackish lines on abaxial surface of young leaves in sicco, parallel to secondary veins. Venation: secondary veins 6–8(–11) pairs, 10–23 mm apart from each other, forming angle 65°–70° to midvein, prominent on both surfaces, arcuate and weakly connecting near Fig. 68. Distribution map of Tovomita obovata (white stars) and T. plumieri (black circles) –

Amazon Basin (light grey), Atlantic forest (dark grey), Guiana Shield (dark grey striped). margin; intersecondary veins present, one, two or rarely three per intercostal area, thinner than secondary ones, M, the best-preserved specimen was chosen as the lecjoining to major secondary ones,> 50 % of subjacent totype. secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescence: ♂ lax cyme with Recognition and discussion — Tovomita schomburgkii 3 or 5 basal branches and up to 50 flowers, lacking ter- can be confused with T. nidiae , due to the low number of minal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels secondary veins ( Fig. 73A, 6–8 [–11] pairs vs 5–6 pairs in 3.5–8 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with T. nidiae ). However, these species can be distinguished same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of by the size of the floral buds (3.5–5 mm in T. schomdichasia ; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 3.5– burgkii vs 7–9 mm long in T. nidiae ) and flowers. Also, 5 mm long, spheroid to oblong, apex rounded, lenticels there is an overlap of character states between T. schomabsent . Sepals 2, 3.5–6 × 4–5 mm, circular to oblong, burgkii and T. gracilipes . Both species have secondary apex rounded, greenish; petals 4, 5–5.5 × 3.5–4.5 mm, veins that form an angle 65°–70° with the midvein, and oblong, patent, apex rounded, pale yellow. Staminate small floral buds and fruits. Tovomita schomburgkii can flowers: stamens 35–45, 2.5–4.5 mm long, heterody- be distinguished from T. gracilipes by the greenish to namous; filaments terete, greenish; anthers 0.6–0.8 mm greyish ( Fig. 14H vs purplish-red, Fig. 13C) leaves in long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode incon- sicco and oblong (vs spheroid) floral buds. spicuous. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 35–40, 2–3 mm long, white; ovary 3.5–5 mm long, 4-locular, white, stig- Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAPÁ: Rio mas 4, sessile, c. 1 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 2–2.4 × Oiapoque, 02°12'N, 52°53'W, near Cachoeira Três Saltos, 1.2–1.8 cm, 4-septate, napiform when closed, not costate, 10 Sep 1960, bud, H. S. Irwin & al. 48124 (UC!). AMAlobed, rostrum present, 1.5–2 mm long, epicarp smooth, ZONAS: São Paulo de Olivença, platô ao sul da cidade, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; sepals, estrada para Bom Fim, 1 Nov 1986, fr., C. A. Cid & al. petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril 8598 (INPA!, NY!). RORAIMA: Auaris, 04°03'N, 64°22'W, orange. Fig. 73. 6 Feb 1959, fr., G. T. Prance & al. 9672 (INPA!). — CO-

LOMBIA: AMAZONAS: Corregimiento Tarapcá, 03°08'N, Distribution — Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Roraima), 69°49'W, 30 Mar 2013, fr., G. C. Macia & al. 55 Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Caquetá), French ( COAH!). ANTIOQUIA: San Carlos, Corregimiento Alto Guiana (Cayenne), Guyana (Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Pomer- Samaná, vereda Miraflores, 06°05'00"N, 74°50'00"W, oon-Supernaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Sinnamary, Upper 26 Nov 1986, fl. ♀ fr., R. Callejas & al. 8599 ( HUA!). Takutu-Upper Essequibo), Suriname (Brownsberg, CAQUETÁ: Solano, región, 00°15'00"S, 72°22'41"W, 210 Marowijne, Para, Sipaliwini), Venezuela (Amazonas, m, 22 Nov 2010, fl. ♂, F. Castro 10372 ( COAH!). — Bolívar). Fig. 72. FRENCH GUIANA: CAYENNE: Compté river, Roche Fen- GoogleMaps

dée, 21 Jan 1977, fr., S. Mori & Y. Veyret 8967 ( B!, NY!). Conservation status — Least Concern ( LC, Marinho & — GUYANA: CUYUNI-MAZARUNI: Paruima , 05°49'N, Beech 2019). 61°08'W, 780 m, 6 Jul 1997, fr., D. Clarke & al. 5408 GoogleMaps

(NY!). POMEROON-SUPERNAAM: Akawini river 07°18'N, Nomenclatural notes — For the lectotype of Tovomita 58°46'W, 13 Sep 1992, bud, B GoogleMaps . Hoffman & L . Roberts schomburgkii , we chose the specimen in G with more 2588 ( NY!). POTARO-SIPARUNI: Kamana, 10 km North of open flowers. For T. martiana , among four samples in Orinduik , 04°42'N, 59°50'W, 2500 m, 26 Feb 1995, fl. ♀ GoogleMaps ,

S. Tiwari & al. 1401 A ( NY!). UPPER TAKUTU-UPPER ESSEQUIBO: Makarapan Mt, 03°57'N, 58°51'W, 29 Sep 1997, fr., D. Clarke & al. 6900 ( NY!). SINNAMARY: piste de St Elie km 16, 20 Feb 1981, fr GoogleMaps ., M. Prévost 1087 ( NY!). — SURINAME: BROWNSBERG: 11 Sep 1917, fl. ♂ , B. W. 3262 ( NY!). MAROWIJNE: Rikanau prope Moengo, in valley of Rikanau creek , 4 Jun 1954, sterile , J. C. Linderman 6103 ( INPA!). PARA: Zanderij I, 18 Jul 1918, bud , B. W. 3899 ( NY!). SIPALIWINI: Approx. 2.5 km SW from Kwamalasamutu village centre, 02°20'25"N, 56°48'07"W, 18 Feb 2006, fr GoogleMaps ., B. Hoffman 6659 ( NY!). — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: Sierra Parima a lo largo de la frontera Venezolana- Brasilera , 18–23 May 1972, fr ., J. A. Steyermark 106059 ( NY!). BOLÍVAR: vicinity of Techiné-Merú , 8 Jul 1953, fr ., J. A. Steyermark 76052 ( NY!) .