Tovomita spruceana Planch. & Triana

53. Tovomita spruceana Planch. & Triana View in CoL in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 14, sér. IV: 277. 1860. – Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, [Amazonas], Rio Panure , sur le Rio Uaupes, région de l’Amazone, Oct 1852 – Jan 1853, R. Spruce 2428 (P [ P00093879 ]!; isolectotypes: BR [ BR0000005913534 ] photo!, G [ G00355498 ] photo!, G [ G00355515 ] photo!, G photo!, GH [ GH00067917 ]!, K [ K000488531 ]!, K [ K000488533 ]!, NY [ NY00578997 ]!, NY [ NY00578998 ]!, P [ P00093878 ]!). = Tovomita spruceana var. obtusa Engl. in Martius &

al., Fl. Bras. 12(1): 451. 1888, syn. nov. – Holotype:

Brazil, habitat in silvis pr. Borba , Jul 1828, L. Riedel

Description — Trees up to 12 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 2.1–4.4 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 12.5– 23.5 × 3–13.7 cm, greenish to brown-orangish adaxially and brown-orangish abaxially in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, elliptic, oblong to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex rounded, rarely acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 14–18 pairs, 0.7–1.8 mm apart from each other, forming angle 70°–75° to midvein, prominent in both surfaces, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, two per intercostal area, thinner than secondary ones, parallel to major secondary,> 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 4–5 basal branches and up to 75 flowers, terminal flower present or not, ♀ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 15 flowers, dichasia sometimes reduced lacking central flower, lenticels absent. Pedicels 8–13 mm long, green, distal portion dilated, distally or fairly articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 6–8 mm long, oblong, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 8–10 × 6–9 mm, oblong, apex rounded, greenish; petals 4, 10–12 × 3–5 mm, oblong, inner ones strongly patent, apex round- ed, yellowish-white. Staminate flowers: stamens 30–40, 7–9 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.5–0.7 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode not seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes c. 50, 4–6 mm long, white; ovary 7–10 mm long, not costate or lobed, 5-locular, white, stigmas 5, sessile, c. 1.2 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 3.6–5 × 1.7–3 cm, 5-septate, pyriform, sometimes falcate, not costate or lobed, rostrum absent, free styles, 2.5–4 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous; stigmas persistent; pedicel dilated. Aril orange. Fig. 76.

Iconography — Illustration available in Engler (1888: 98).

Distribution — Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima), Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Guainía, Vaupés), Guyana (Potaro-Siparuni), Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Bolívar). Fig. 75.

Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho & Beech 2019).

Nomenclatural notes — For the lectotype of Tovomita spruceana , we chose the flowering collection (Spruce 2428). Moreover, we chose one of the P specimens [P00093879] because it is a Triana herbarium, which certifies that at least one of the authors examined this specimen.

Recognition and discussion — The leaves of Tovomita spruceana are very variable in shape and size, but the species can be recognized by the inflorescences usually with many flowers ( Fig. 76B, up to 75 in ♂, 15 flowers in ♀), oblong floral buds ( Fig. 76C), stamens isodynamous ( Fig. 76D), and pedicels distally thickened. The fruits of T. spruceana have smooth epicarp and, some of the ovules are usually aborted, giving the fruit a falcate shape.

Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: ACRE: Upper Rio Moa near Fazenda Arizona , 07°29'S, 73°39'W, 24–30 Sep 1984, sterile, D. G GoogleMaps . Campbell & al. 8155 (NY!). AMAZONAS: Rio Negro, Igarapé da Cachoeira , 02°41'18"S, 60°17'46"W, 3 Jul 1999, fl. ♂, L GoogleMaps . G GoogleMaps . Lohmann 309 (INPA!). MATO GROSSO: Comodoro, Fazenda Dolce Vitta , 12°44'19"S, 60°03'04"W, 7 Aug 1997, fr., N GoogleMaps . M GoogleMaps . Ivanauskas & al. 2197 (ESA photo!). PARÁ: Rio Javari , Monte Dourado, Água Azul, 9 Nov 1978, fr., P . Cavalcante 3327 (MG!). RORAIMA: Caracaraí, Parque Nacional do Viruá , 30 Sep 2012, fl. ♂, F . N . Cabral & al. 423 (INPA!). — COLOMBIA: ANTIOQUIA: Anori, vicinity Planta providencia, 07°13'00"N, 75°03'00"W, 24 Feb 1977, S GoogleMaps . White & B. Alverson 107 (HUA!). CUNDINAMARCA: Páramo de Pacho , 3 Feb 1983, L . Albert 3274 (HUA!). GUAINÍA: Río Guainia and Brazo Casaquiare , 01°59'N, 67°06'W, 60 m, 25 Jun 1984, fl., G GoogleMaps . Davidse & J. S GoogleMaps . Miller 26575 (NY!, MO). VAUPÉS: Río Piraparaná , 24 Aug 1952, fr., R . E . Schultes & I. Cabrera 17016 (GH!). — GUYANA: POTARO-SIPARUNI: Pakaraima Mts, Mt Wokomung , 05°04'N, 59°52'W, 1550 –1650 m, 19 Nov 1993, fr., T GoogleMaps . W GoogleMaps . Henkel & al. 4504 (NY!). — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: Departamento Río Negro, lower part of Río Baria , 80 m, 22–23 Jul 1984, fl. ♀, G . Davidse 27608 (NY!). APURE: Pedro Camejo, banks of Río Capanaparo , 06°54'N, 67°'81 W , 35 m, 6–7 May 1977, fr., G . Davidse & A. González 12750 (BAH!, MO, NY!). BOLÍVAR: em el margen del morichal de Guayapo, Bajo Caura, 2 May 1939, fr., L . Williams 12052 (UC!).