Tovomita secunda Poepp. ex Planch. & Triana

51. Tovomita secunda Poepp. ex Planch. & Triana View in CoL in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 14, sér. IV: 271. 1860. – Lectotype (designated here): Peru, [Loreto], Maynas , dans les forêsts, Apr 1831, E. Poeppig 2376 (W [no. W-0051862]!; isolectotypes: F [ F0074932 F] photo!, G [ G00354017 ] photo!, G [ G00355742 ] photo!, GH [ GH00067916 ]!, GOET [ GOET003981 View Materials ] photo!, GOET [ GOET003982 View Materials ] photo!, NY [ NY00452479 ]!, NY [ NY00452480 ]!, P [ P01901226 ]!, W [no. W-1889-0104466]!, W [no. W-1889-0111409]!, W [no. W-0051861] with two numbers: 2376 & 2405!, W!).

=

= Tovomita krukovii A. C. Sm. in Phytologia 1: 122. 1935, syn. nov. – Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Amazonas , on “terra firma” near mouth of Rio Embira (tributary of Rio Tarauaca ), basin of Rio Jurua, Jun 1933, B. A. Krukoff 4887 (NY [ NY00579022 ]!; isolectotypes: A [ A00067911 ] photo!, BM [ BM000047395 ] photo!, F [ F0054540 F] photo!, G [ G00355492 ] photo!, K [ K000488507 ]!, LP [ LP004152 View Materials ] photo!, M [ M0112310 ]!, MICH [ MICH1192027 About MICH ] photo!, MO [ MO279786 ] photo!, RB [ RB00539004 ]!, S [ S03-2038 ] photo!, U [ U0002435 ] photo!, UC [ UC606000 ]!, US [ US 00131068] photo!).

Tovomita humilis Ducke View in CoL in Arq. Serv. Florest. 1: 34. 1939, syn. nov. Holotype: Brazil, Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença, habitat in silva terris altis, Rio Solimões , 21 Jan 1937, A. Ducke s.n. RB no. 35717 (RB!; isotypes: K [ K000488508 ]!, US [ US 00114293] photo!).

Description — Treelets up to 4 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce; scars of leaves thickened at apex of branches. Petioles 0.7–1.2 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 7–19.2 × 2.5–6 cm, pale brown in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, obovate, base decurrent, apex acuminate with drip tip; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 7–15 pairs, 4.5–13 mm apart from each other, forming angle 35°–55° to midvein, angles more acute on leaf base, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins present, two per intercostal area, thinner than secondary ones, parallel to major secondary,> 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent, perpendicular; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ congested cyme with 3 or 6 basal branches and up to 50 flowers, with terminal flower, ♀ dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicels 3–8 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 3–4 mm long, oblong, apex mucronulate or rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 2–4, 3–5 × 2–3 mm, oblong, apex mucronulate to rounded, green; petals 4, 3.5–5.5 × 1.5–2.7 mm, oblong to linear, position not seen, apex rounded or acute, green. Staminate flowers: stamens 20–30, 3–4.5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 18–25, 1–2 mm long, white; ovary not seen. Capsules fleshy, 0.8–1.7 × 0.8–1 cm, 4-septate, napiform when closed, not costate, 4-lobed, free styles, 2–3 mm long, epicarp smooth, light brown with dark brown marks when immature and mature, mesocarp red; pedicel dilated; sepals and stigma persistent, petals and staminodes caducous. Aril orange. Fig. 74.

Distribution — Bolívia (Pando), Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará), Colombia (Amazonas, Chocó, Vaupés), Ecuador (Napo), French Guiana (Saül), Peru (Amazonas, Loreto), Suriname (Brokopondo, Commewijne). Fig. 75.

Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho & Beech 2019).

Nomenclatural notes — The specimens used by Planchon & Triana (1860) to describe Tovomita secunda have two distinct numbers: a specimen with only one number (Poeppig 2376) or two numbers in the same specimen (Poeppig 2376 & 2405). Planchon & Triana (1860) indicated both numbers as types. There are five syntypes housed at W herbarium, where Poeppig deposited his collection, and only one with two numbers (W-0051861). After critical evaluation, we chose as lectotype the best-preserved specimen with only one number (Poeppig 2376, W-0051862). For the lectotype of T. krukovii , we chose the NY specimen, which was likely seen by the author.

Recognition and discussion — Tovomita secunda can be recognized by the combination of congested inflorescences with many flowers (up to 50), and oblong, small floral buds (3–4 mm long), with a mucronulate or round- ed apex ( Fig. 74D). The fruits of T. secunda are small (1–1.2 × 0.8–1 cm) and lobed ( Fig. 74E), being similar to those of T. gracilipes and T. schomburgkii . However, in T. secunda the fruiting pedicels are thickened toward the apex. The small flowers of T. secunda can be confused with those of T. duckei , but the leaves in the latter are typically much wider (4.5–12.3 vs 2.5–6 cm wide in T. secunda ).

Selected specimens examined — BOLIVIA: PANDO: W bank of Rio Madeira opposite Abuña, 19 Nov 1968, bud, G . T . Prance & al. 8664 ( INPA!, NY!) . — BRAZIL: ACRE: PortoAcre, Reserva Florestal Humaitá, 09°45'S, 69°13'W, 2 Nov 1993, bud, D. C GoogleMaps . Daly & al. 8013 ( INPA!). AMAZONAS: Humaitá, 14 Sep–11 Oct 1934, bud, B . A . Krukoff 6551 ( A!) . MATO GROSSO: Apiacás, Parque Nacional do Juruena , 09°34'40"S, 57°52'45"W, 224 m, 10 Aug 2011, fr., C GoogleMaps . R GoogleMaps . A. Soares & al. 3822 ( HERBAM photo!). PARÁ : Oriximiná, Porto Trombetas, 12 Nov 1987, fr., E . Soares s.n. ( HSTM no. 4481!) . — COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: Araracuara, Río Caquetá, 00°36'S, 72°10'W, 5 Jan 1990, bud, E GoogleMaps . Alvarez & al. 205 ( NY!). CHOCÓ : Alto Baudo, Regreso de Santa María de Condoto hasta Dos Bocas, PNN Ensenada de Utría , 05°55'35"N, 77°09'30"W, 20 May 1990, fl., C GoogleMaps . Barbosa 6677 ( HUA!) . VAUPÉS: Taraira, Estación Biológica Mosiro Itajura, Caparú, 01°04'48"S, 69°31'04"W, 7 Feb 2004, fl., Z GoogleMaps . Cordero & L . Clavijo 270 ( HUA!) . — ECUADOR: NAPO: Em las riberas de las lagunas, 25 Apr 1986, fl., J . Jaramillo 8436 ( NY!) . — FRENCH GUIANA: SAÜL : along Botany trail northeast of Les Eaux-Claires , 04°42'N, 52°25'W, 270 m, 24 Sep 1995, fl. ♂, L GoogleMaps . R GoogleMaps . Phillippe & al. 26984 ( NY!) . — PERU: AMAZONAS: Río Cenepa , 900–1000 ft, 19 Dec 1972, bud, B . Berlin 635 ( GH!, MO) . LORETO: Maynas, Yanamono, 03°30'S, 72°50'W, 106 m, 26 Jun 1984, fr., R GoogleMaps . Vasquez & al. 5176 (CAS! MO). — SURINAME: BROKOPONDO :

Brownsberg plateau, 20 Nov 2003, fr., T . R. van Andel & al. 4390 ( NY!, U). COMMEWIJNE: Perica R . in forest on Capoerica ridge, 30 Jan 1954, sterile, J . C . Lindeman 1955 ( MG!) .