Tovomita spruceana

and T. spruceana View in CoL (white stars). – Amazon Basin (light grey), Atlantic forest (dark grey), Guiana present, two or more per inter- Shield (dark grey striped). costal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course basiflexed but not joining (fl. ♂) and staminodes (fl. ♀) less than 4 mm long (vs subjacent secondary veins at right angles; tertiary veins ≥ 5 mm long). The coriaceous leaves of T. stellaris are percurrent, perpendicular; intramarginal vein absent. In- similar to those of T. obovata , but the latter is endemic to florescences: ♂ not seen, ♀ dichasium, dichasia frequent- Guyana. Differences between T. stellaris and similar spely reduced lacking central flower, lenticels absent. Pedi- cies are summarized in Table 2 (see also Fig. 58). cels 20–27 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flow- Additional specimens examined — BRAZIL: BAHIA: ers of dichasia, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds Apuarema, Concessão da Rio Tinto, 13°53'46"S, 7–9 mm long, ovoid, apex rounded to acuminate, lenticels 39°41'10"W, 680 m, 20 Nov 2013, fr., L. Y. S. Aona & absent, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 4, 8–10 × 5–9 mm, al. 3274 (HURB!). Ibirapitanga, Área de Proteção Amovate to oblong, apex rounded, whitish to greenish; petals biental do Pratigi, Reserva Serra do Papuã, 13°53'27"S, 6–8, 10–13 × 6–8 mm, ovate to oblong, patent, apex acute 39°27'33"W, 550 m, 16 Jul 2014, fr., A. M. Amorim & al. to obtuse, whitish to yellowish. Staminate flowers not 8678 (CEPEC!, HUEFS!); ibid. 16 Jul 2014, fr., A. M. seen. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 60–70, 3–4 mm long, Amorim & al. 8679 (CEPEC!). yellowish, dorsiventrally compressed; ovary c. 3 mm long, not costate, 5-locular, yellowish, stigmas 5, sessile, 55. Tovomita stergiosii Cuello View in CoL in Novon 13: 34. 2003. 2–2.5 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 4.3–4.5 × 3.5–3.7 cm, – Holotype: Venezuela, Amazonas, Cuenca del Río Ca- 5-septate, pyriform when closed, not costate or lobed, siquiare, selvas y sabanas de arenas blancas del caño rostrum present, 6–10 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenti- Tiramoni (entre los caños Atamoni y Mononi), con encels absent, green when immature, green when mature, trada hacia tierra firme, 10–22 Feb 1989, B. Stergios & mesocarp reddish; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas al. 13161 (PORT [PORT40283] photo!; isotypes: HBG, persistent. Aril coloration not seen. MO, NY [NY02859711]!, TFAV, US [no. 3439003],

VEN). Distribution — Brazil (Bahia). Fig. 70 .

Description — Trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots incon- Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD), since the spicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 0.6–0.8 cm species is known from only two localities. long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 5.3–

10.2 × 1–2.5 cm, greenish in sicco, black dots absent, Etymology — The specific epithet refers to the star-like chartaceous, narrowly elliptic, base decurrent, apex acuappearance that the flower assumes due to the patent pet- minate to rounded; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots als. The Latin adjective stellaris means stellate or starry. absent; exudate canals clearly visible as continuous blackish lines on abaxial surface in sicco and in vivo, im- Recognition and discussion — Tovomita stellaris is simi- mersed in both surfaces, crossing secondary veins. Venalar to T. longifolia and T. megantha , which also occur in tion: secondary veins 11–14 pairs, 3–6 mm apart from southern Bahia Atlantic forest. Among then, T. stellaris each other, forming angle 60°–65° to midvein, immersed can be recognized by the coriaceous leaves ( Fig. 14L), adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate and connecting and when fertile by the patent petals and sepals (Fig. near margin; intersecondary veins present, one per in- 78D, E vs reflexed), dorsiventrally compressed stamens tercostal area, thinner than secondary ones, parallel to (fl. ♂) and staminodes (fl. ♀) (vs terete) and stamens major secondary,> 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ single flower or dichasium. Pedicels 19–25 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, articulated in middle on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 3–4 mm long, ovoid, apex rounded to mucronulate, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 3–5 × 2–4 mm, ovate to oblong, apex rounded to mucronulate, light green; petals 4, 3.5–5 × 1.5–6 mm, oblong, position not seen, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens c. 20, 2.5–4 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.5–1 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode 0.5 mm long, conic. Pistillate flowers: staminodes c. 20, 3.5–4 mm long, white; ovary c. 2 mm long, 4-costate, 4-locular, white, styles c. 2.7 mm, stigmas 4, 0.5–0.7 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 1.8–3.1 × 0.7–1.2 cm, 4-septate, napiform to turbinate when closed, rostrum present, c. 4 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and green-yellowish when mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 79.

Iconography — Illustration available in Cuello (2003: 35).

Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas, Rondônia), Colombia (Amazonas, Meta, Vaupés, Vichada), Peru (Loreto), Venezuela (Amazonas). Fig. 80.

Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho & Beech 2019).

Recognition and discussion — Tovomita stergiosii is part of the species group with small and narrow leaves (see Table 1). When sterile, it may be confused with T. fructipendula and T. longirostrata , from which it can be distinguished by the floral buds with rounded to mucronulate apex ( Fig. 79D vs rounded apex in T. fructipendula [ Fig. 37C] and rostrate apex in T. longirostrata ), and fruits with smooth epicarp (vs asperous epicarp in both species, see Fig. 19). The specimen Croat 79362, from Colon, Panama, housed at PMA, has leaves and fruits similar to those of T. stergiosii , but this specimen was only seen by photographs and needs further study.

Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke , 02°53'S, 59°58'W, 28 Mar 1995, fl. ♀ fr., A GoogleMaps . Vincentini & al. 928 ( INPA!, UEC!) . — COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: Corregimmiento La Pedrera, resguardo indígena Curaré , 01°17'S, 69°44'W, 100 m, 4 May 20054, fr., Z GoogleMaps . Cordero-P. 733 (COAH!, COL); META: Vista hermosa, vereda Buena Vista , 03°05'50"N, 73°53'55"W, 1300 m, 21 Oct 2019, bud, D. Cárdenas & al. 52552 ( COAH!) GoogleMaps ; VAUPÉS: Tarara, Estación Biológica Mosiro Itajura ( Caparú ), 01°04'48"S, 69°30'15"W, 200 m, 18 Feb 2004, fr., L GoogleMaps . Clavijo-R. & Z. Cordero-P. 377 (COAH!, COL). — PERU: LORETO: Maynas, Iquitos, Río Nanay , Quebrada , de Momón, surroundings of caserío de San José, Aug 1984, M . Rimachi 7616 ( MO photo!) . — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: Río Sipapo, cerca de Cerro Pelota , 04°53'06"S, 67°42'55"W, 242 m, 20 Feb 2001, fr., A GoogleMaps . Castillo & B . Camaripano 8362 ( M!) .