Tovomita stylosa Hemsl.

56. Tovomita stylosa Hemsl. View in CoL in Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 1: 3. 1878. – Lectotype (designated by D’Arcy 1980: 1022): Panama, Colón, Chagres, Isthmus of Panama, Mar 1850,

A. Fendler 298 ( K [ K000488583 ]!; isolectotype: MO

[MO194881] photo!).

= Tovomita stenantha Standl. View in CoL in Trop. Woods 42: 23. 1935. – Holotype: Panama, San Blas , 21–28 Apr 1933, G. P. Cooper 255 (F [ F0054530 F] photo!; isotype: NY [ NY00073987 ]!).

= Tovomita membranifolia Standl. View in CoL in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 160. 1940. – Holotype: Panama, Chepigana, Dist. Darién, Cana-Cuasi trail (Camp 2), 10 Mar 1940, M. E. Terry & R. A. Terry 1478 (F [ F0054529 F] photo!; isotypes: A [ A00067876 ]!, MO [ MO1196537 ] photo!).

= Tovomita killipii Cuatrec. View in CoL in Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 8: 62. 1950. – Lectotype (designated here): Colombia, Valle del Cauca, dense forest along highway, 10–15 km east of Buenaventura , near sea level, 12 Apr 1939, E. P. Killip 34918 (F [ F0054538 F] photo!; isolectotypes: COL [ COL000002841 About COL ] photo!, F [ F0054539 F] photo!, US).

Description — Treelets up to 7 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 1.2–1.6 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 5.5– 14.3 × 2.4–8.7 cm, greyish in sicco, black dots sometimes present, chartaceous, elliptic to ovate, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate with drip tip; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 8–9 pairs, 5–21 mm apart from each other, forming angle 55°–75° to midvein, prominent abaxially, strongly arcuate near margin, sometimes connecting to each other; intersecondary veins present, two or more per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal parallel to major secondary,> 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ usually lax cyme with 3–4 basal branches and up to 33 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ single flower or dichasium, dichasia sometimes reduced lacking central flower, lenticels absent. Pedicels 5–19 mm long, green, distal portion dilated, proximally articulated on all flowers or not articulated on central flower of dichasia (when present); calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 8.5–11 mm long, oblong, apex acute, lenticels absent. Sepals 2, 8.5–11 × 3.5 mm, oblong to linear, apex acute, greenish to pale yellow; petals 4, 7.2–8.8 × 1.5–2.3 mm, linear to spatulate, ± deflexed, apex acute, yellowish. Staminate flowers: stamens 45–50, 3–6.8 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments filiform-terete, white; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous, white. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 45–50, 6–8 mm long, white; 1.2–1.5 mm, not costate or lobed, 4-locular, greenish, styles 1.5–2 mm long, stigmas 4, c. 0.5 mm in diam., white. Capsules fleshy, 1.6–2.3 × 1.4–1.6 cm, 4-septate, spheroid to turbinate when closed, not costate or lobed, basal portion of styles forming a rostrum, c. 3 mm long, free styles portion, 4–6.5 mm long, epicarp asperous, lenticels present, brown when immature and mature, mesocarp purplish-red; sepals and petals caducous, staminodes and stigmas persistent; pedicel elongat- ed on fruits, reaching 4.2 cm long. Aril orange. Fig. 81.

Distribution — Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó), Costa Rica (Puntarenas), Panama (Coclé, Colón, Darién, Panama, San Blas, Veraguas). Fig. 82.

Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho & Beech 2019).

Recognition and discussion — The sepals in Tovomita stylosa are partially fused in anthesis, and sometimes this is erroneously interpreted as if flowers have a single sepal. The species can be recognized by the oblong floral buds with acute apex, linear and acute petals ( Fig. 81C), distally thickened pedicels ( Fig. 81G), filiform-terete filaments ( Fig. 81C–F), and fruits with asperous epicarp ( Fig. 81G).

Selected specimens examined — COLOMBIA: ANTIOQUIA: Amalfi, Vereda “El Oso”, 06°54'N, 75°08'W, 30 Sep 1988, bud, J GoogleMaps . Betancur & al. 898 ( NY!). CHOCÓ: East side of Serranía Del Daríen , approached from Acandi, 14 Jan 1983, bud, A . Juncosa 647 ( NY!) . — COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Osa Peninsula, Guiamí Reserve , 300 m NW of school, 08°37'N, 83°31'W, 160 m, 21 Jul 1992, fr., K GoogleMaps . Thomsen 35 ( CAS!) . — PANAMA: COCLÉ: Along Llano Grande to Coclesito road above Cascajal, 08°42'N, 80°28'W, 500 m, 11 Jan 1986, fr., G GoogleMaps . McPherson 7961 ( NY!). COLÓN: Santa Rita ridge, 7 km by road from Transistimian Hwy. 13 Feb 1974, fr., M . Nee & M . Hale 9675 ( CAS!). DARIÉN: Ridges on Punta Guayabo Grande , 07°24'N, 78°07'W, 22 Jan 1982, fl. ♂, S GoogleMaps . Knapp & J . Mallet 3002 ( NY!) . PANAMÁ: along Llalo Cartí road, c. 7 miles from Pan-American Highway, 09°15'N, 79°00'W, 400 m, G GoogleMaps . McPherson & M . Merello 8206 ( CAS!). SAN BLAS: 19.1 km from Interamerica Hwy., on Llano-Cartí road, 09°19'N, 78°55'W, 19 Sep 1984, fr., G GoogleMaps . de Nevers & al. 3920 ( PMA photo!). VERAGUAS: forest on N slopes of summit of ridge S of Guacoco , 360 m, 18 Sep 1982, fl. ♂, W . G . D’Arcy 15134 ( NY!) .