Tovomita mangle G. Mariz

38. Tovomita mangle G. Mariz View in CoL in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 101: 367. 1974. – Holotype: Brazil, Pernambuco, Vicência, Eng. Jundiá, Serra da Mascarenhas, perto do Pico Indiá, 5 Jan 1967, D. Andrade-Lima & al. 355/1967 (UFP [no. 23069]!).

Description — Trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellowish, scarce. Petioles 1–2.5 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 9–21 × 3.4–9.7 cm, generally purplish-red in sicco, black dots absent, subcoriaceous, oblong to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 8–10 pairs, 6–25 mm apart from each other, forming angle 60°–70° to midvein, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins present, two or more per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course basiflexed, c. 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent, perpendicular; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 31 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ 5-flowered cyme, lenticels absent. Pedicels 8–16 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 6–11 mm long, oblong, apex mucronulate, lenticels absent. Sepals 2, 6–11 × 4–7 mm, oblong, apex mucronulate, green; petals 4–5, 7–10 × 1.4–4 mm, elliptic to linear, reflexed, apex acute-mucronulate, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 35–45, 5–6 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, white; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm long, yellow, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous, white. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 30–35, 5–5.6 mm long, white; ovary c. 2.8 mm long, not costate or lobed, 4-locular, white, style c. 2.2 cm long, white, stigmas 4, 0.8–1.2 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 2.8–4.2 × 1.2–1.4 cm, 4-septate, pyriform to orbicular when closed, styles partially fused forming a rostrum, 3.5–4 mm long, free styles portion, 4–5.5 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp reddish; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 61.

Iconography — Illustrations available in Mariz (1974: 369, 370) and Marinho & al. (2016b: 763).

Distribution — Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco). Fig. 62.

Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho & Beech 2019).

Recognition and discussion — Tovomita mangle is morphologically similar to T. divaricata , which is known only from the type locality in Guyana. Both species have 8–10 pairs of secondary veins and a purplish-red leaves in sicco. Tovomita mangle can be distinguished from T. divaricata by dichasia always with the central flower and floral buds with mucronulate apex ( Fig. 61D, F) (vs dichasia lacking the central flower and floral buds prolonged into a truncate or retuse apex in T. divaricata ). Other species such as T. longirostrata and T. stergiosii also have an extension in the floral bud apex, but both have more than 11 pairs (vs 8–10 pairs) of secondary veins and narrower leaf blades (0.7–2.5 cm vs 3.4–9.7 cm wide in T. mangle ).

Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: ALAGOAS: Pilar , BR-101, entre canavial, 09°36'06"S, 35°55'21"W, 6 Apr 2002, fr., R. P GoogleMaps . Lyra-Lemos 6532 ( MAC!). AMAZONAS: Manaus, km 50 da estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara, 23 Aug 1961, fr., W . Rodrigues & J . Lima 2367 ( INPA!) . BAHIA: Una, Estrada de Uma para Santa Luzia, 15°23'S, 39°12'W, fl. ♂, P GoogleMaps . Fiaschi & al. 1224 ( CAS!, CEPEC!, SPF!, NY!) . CEARÁ: Baturité , 1860, fr., Fr. Alemão & M . Cysneiros 179 ( R!). Maranhão: Itauna on road to Pinheiro, 02°27'S, 44°50'W, 18 Oct 1980, fr., D. C GoogleMaps . Daly & al. D674 ( HRB!, INPA!, MG!, NY!). PARÁ : Bosque Municipal , 19 Aug 1974, fr., N. T . Silva 57 ( IAN!) . PARAÍBA: Santa Rita, RPPN Pacatuba , 5 Jul 2012, fr., T . Leão 948 ( UFP!) . PERNAMBUCO: São Vicente Férrer, Mata do Estado , 07°35'S, 35°30'W, 600 m, 28 May 1998, fl. ♀, E. M. N GoogleMaps . Ferraz & al. 317 ( NY!, PEUFR!, UEC!, UFP!, UFRN!) .