Tovomita umbellata

Nomenclatural notes — To designate the lectotypes of Tovomita umbellata View in CoL and T. stigmatosa , we gave preference to specimens housed in Fig. 84. Distribution map of Tovomita umbellata . – Amazon Basin (light grey), Atlantic forest (dark grey), Guiana Shield (dark grey striped). herbaria that certify that the they were analysed by the describing authors: K and MPU, respectively. However, to new airport, 10°12'S, 59°21'W, 24 Oct 1973, fl. ♂, for the lectotype of T. nigrescens we selected the speci- C. C. Berg & al. P19858 (NY!). PARÁ: Itaituba, estrada men at G with more preserved leaves, and for T. cepha- Santarém-Cuiabá, 05°55'S, 55°40'W, 19 May 1983, fr., M. lostigma , which was described from several specimens N. Silva 360 (INPA!). RONDÔNIA: Porto Velho, 30 km a deposited at P, we chose the best-preserved specimen as Oeste de Nova Mutum, 09°26'20"S, 64°46'35"W, 100 m, the lectotype. 15 Apr 2012, fr., M. F. Simon & al. 1507 (IAN!, INPA!). RORAIMA: Caracaraí, Parque Nacional do Viruá, 14 Apr Recognition and discussion — Tovomita umbellata has 2013, fr., R. O. Perdiz & al. 1776 (INPA!). — COLOMBIA: a great amount of morphological variation, in part due to AMAZONAS: Leticia, Río Caquetá, 10 Apr 1994, fr., D. its wide geographic distribution (Fig. 84). Its staminate Cárdenas & G. Gangi 4662 (COAH!). CAQUETÁ: Solano, inflorescences are intensely branched and “umbel-like” región Araracuara, 00°06'42"N, 71°44'46"W, 180 m, 7 ( Fig. 83B), and the pistillate flowers have an expanded Dec 2010, bud, F. Castro 10133 (NY!). META: Villavistigmatic region ( Fig. 83E). When sterile, T. umbellata is cencio, Predios de Agrosavia, 04°03'47"N, 73°27'42"W, similar to T. eggersii , from which it can be distinguished 330 m, 1 Jan 2021, sterile, C. Palacios & al. 3826 by the number and size of stamens (20–35 stamens, 3.5– (HUA!). VAUPÉS: Río Apaporis, 250 m, 21 Jun 1951, bud, 5 mm long), stigmatic region 1.5–2 mm in diam., and R. E. Schultes & I. Cabrera 12765 (NY!). — FRENCH fruits with smooth epicarp (vs c. 60 stamens, 4.5–6 mm GUIANA: SAÜL: La Fumée Mountain, 03°37'N, 53°12'W, long, stigmatic region <1 mm in diam., and asperous epi- 250–350 m, 24 May 1986, bud, S. A. Mori & T. D. Pencarp in T. eggersii ). nington 18126 (NY!). — GUYANA: ALTO TUKUTU-ALTO ESSEQUIBO: Mabura Hill concession, 05°25'N, 58°40'W, Selected specimens examined — BOLIVIA: BENI: Cachue- 50 m, 20 Nov 1986, fr., J. J. Pipoly & R. Boyan 8965 (B!). la Esperanza, Río Beni, 24 Mar 1924, fr., G. Meyer 13 CAYUNI-MAZARUNI: Bartica-Potaro road, 50–125 m, 13 (NY!). LA PAZ: Franz Tamayo, Parque Nacional Madidi, Aug 1976, fl. ♂, S. A. Mori & al. 8058 (NY!). — PERU: Laguna Chalalan, 14°25'39"S, 67°54'57"W, 350 m, 2 Jun LORETO: Maynas Province, Iquitos, Allpahuayo, 9 Oct 2010, fr., S. E. Hoyos-Gomez & al. 1070 (NY!). PANDO: 1990, fl. ♀, R. Vásquez & N. Jaramillo 14418 (B!). SAN Província Federico Román, 09°52'S, 65°42'W, 150 m, L. MARTÍN: ACR Cerro Escalera, km 20 carretera Tarapoto- Vargas & al. 1031 (F, LPB photo!). SANTA CRUZ: Prov. Yurimanguas, 734 m, 19 May 2017, bud, G. Flores & H. Ichilo, 1.8 km W of bridge over Río Moile, 17°24'26"S, Vásquez 932 (HH photo!). — SURINAME: BROKOPONDO: 64°06'52"W, 280 m, 29 Apr 2007, fr., M. Nee & al. 55217 Brownsberg top, 26 Jun 1924, fl. ♂, B. W. no. 6536 (A!, (NY!). — BRAZIL: ACRE: 22 km de Brasiléia on Brasiléia- NY!). SIPALIWINI: Sipaliwini savanna area on Brazilian Assis road, 4 Nov 1980, bud, S. R. Lowrie & al. 716 frontier, Jan 1970, fr., F. H. F. Oldenburguer & al. 1185 (INPA!). AMAPÁ: forest along road between Oiapoque and (K!). — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: Solano, Lower Casiq- Clevelândia, 22 Jul 1960, fl. ♂, B. Maguire & al. 47103 uiare, 100 m, 11 Mar 1942, bud, L. Williams 14750 (NY!). (B!, GH!, NY!, UC!). AMAZONAS: Presidente Figueiredo, BOLÍVAR: Gran Sabana, 05°00'N, 61°06'W, 870 m, 12 Balbina, 193 km de Manaus, 12 Aug 1986, bud, C. A. A. May 1987, fr., L. Harnández 554 (NY!). Freitas & al. 153 (INPA!). MARANHÃO: forest S of Fazenda Primavera, Araguaná, 03°00'S, 45°40'W, 24 Sep 60. Tovomita vismiifolia L. Marinho in Pl. Syst. Evol. 1980, fr., D. C. Daly & al. D244 (NY!). MATO GROSSO: 302: 1128. 2016. – Holotype: Brazil, Amapá, Maza- Rio Aripuanã, road from Núcleo Pioneiro de Humboldt gão, área do Felipe I, 3 Jul 1984, N. T. Silva 5380 (MG

[ MG134432 ]!; isotypes : INPA [no. [ MG150324 ]!, MG [ MG157025 ]!).

158657]!,

Description — Trees up to 15 m tall, prop roots not seen; exudate yellow to orangish. Petioles 1–1.7 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 7.7–12.5 × 4.5–8.3 cm, dark brown in sicco, black dots absent, coriaceous, elliptic to obovate, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate to rounded, rarely retuse; covered by papillae abaxially with ferruginous aspect in sicco, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 6–7 pairs, 6–15 mm apart from each other, forming angle 45°–55° to midvein, immersed adaxially, strongly prominent abaxially, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or two per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course reticulating,> 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to 35 flowers, with terminal flower, ♀ cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 15 flowers, covered by papillae with ferruginous aspect in sicco, lenticels absent. Pedicels 6–15 mm long, coloration not seen, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 7–8.5 mm long, narrowly elliptic to oblong, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 7–9 × 4–5 mm, oblong, apex rounded, covered by papillae abaxially with ferruginous aspect in sicco; petals 4, 8–11 × 2.5–4 mm, elliptic to oblong, deflexed, apex obtuse to rounded, coloration not seen. Staminate flowers: stamens 50–60, 6–8 mm long, isodynamous; filaments filiform-terete, coloration not seen; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode 0.8–1 mm long, conic. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 50–60, 5–8 mm long, coloration not seen; ovary 5.5–6 mm long, not costate or lobed, 4-locular, coloration not seen; stigmas 4, sessile, 0.5–0.7 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 1.2–3.5 × 1.9–2.5 cm, 4-septate, napiform to pyriform when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum present, 5–9 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, green when immature and mature, mesocarp coloration not seen; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril orange.

Iconography — Illustration available in Marinho & al. (2016c: 1130).

Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará). Fig. 85.

Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho & Beech 2019).

Recognition and discussion — Tovomita vismiifolia can be easily recognized even when sterile. The abaxial leaf surface is covered by papillae, becoming ferruginous and opaque in sicco ( Fig. 14R). Moreover, the leaves are strongly coriaceous, with few pairs of secondary veins (6–7), the floral buds are narrowly elliptic to oblong and the stamens (fl. ♂) and staminodes (fl. ♀) are filiform-terete. One specimen collected in the Ducke Reserve (Assunção 324, Amazonas, Brazil), does not have leaf papillae, but the 6–7 pairs of secondary veins, oblong floral buds and filiform-terete filaments attest that it belongs to T. vismiifolia .

Specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Manaus , Distrito Agropecuário da Suframa , Fazenda Esteio , Mata do Igarapé no Acampamento Colosso, 02°25'S, 59°52'W, 29 Sep 1989, fl. ♂, E GoogleMaps . Setz s.n. ( CEPEC no. 148806!, INPA no. 198153!, UEC no. 56348!, UEC no. 57881!); Oct 1989, fl. ♂, E . Setz s.n. ( UEC no. 57594!, UEC no. 62072!); 6 Sep 1990, bud, E . Setz s.n. ( INPA no. 165055!); Reserva Florestal Ducke, 02°53'S, 59°58'W, 28 Jun 1996, fl. ♂, P. A. C. L GoogleMaps . Assunção & al. 324 ( INPA!); PARÁ : Santarém , Rio Curuauna, Reserva Florestal do Curuauna, 18 Aug 1988, fr., C. S . Rosário & al. 836 ( MG!); 30 Aug 1988, bud, C. S . Rosário & al. 1074 ( MG!); without municipality, Região do Jarí, 19 Aug 1969, fr., N. T . Silva 2716 ( IAN!) .