Tovomita stylosa

Description — Trees up to Fig. 82. Distribution map of Tovomita stylosa View in CoL (black triangles) and T. trojitana (black stars). – Amazon Basin (light grey), Atlantic forest (dark grey), Guiana Shield (dark grey striped). 30 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellowish, abundant. Petioles 0.7–2.3 cm long, green, smooth, lenti- 4-carpellate fruits (4.9–5.2 × 2.4–4.2 cm). The leaves of cels absent. Leaf blades 5.7–10.2 × 2.1–4.8 cm, greenish- Tovomita trojitana resemble those of T. albiflora , an enbrown in sicco, black dots absent, chartaceous, oblong to demic species from the Guiana Shield, which can be disovate, base concave, apex acuminate, sometimes with drip tinguished from T. trojitana by the presence of lenticels in tip; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate ca- the inflorescences and floral buds in T. albiflora . nals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 6–11 pairs, 12–24 mm apart from each other, forming angle 65°–70° Specimens examined — COLOMBIA: ANTIOQUIA: San to midvein, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, ar- Luis, Río Samaná Norte, 23 Jun 1987, bud, R. Callejas cuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins & al. 4100 (NY!). CHOCÓ: 48 km S of Quibdó-Istmina present, one or two per intercostal area, thinner than sec- road near Certegui, 80 m, 8 Jan 1979, bud, A. Gentry & ondary ones, distal course reticulating,> 50 % of subja- E. Renteria A. 23837 (NY! 2 sheets); Jaquedó, 41 km W cent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous; of Las Animas on Pan American Highway, 12 Jan 1979, intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with bud, A. Gentry & E. Renteria A. 24103 (NY!). VALLE 3 basal branchesand up to 62 flowers, lacking terminal DEL CAUCA: Bajo Calima, road to Juanchaco Palmeras, flower, ♀ 5-flowered cyme, lenticels absent. Pedicels 8.5– 50 m, 11 Jul 1984, bud, A. Gentry & al. 47915 (NY!). — 25 mm long, green, thin, distal and proximal portion with ECUADOR: ESMERALDAS: Tobar Donoso, 260 m, 27 Jul same gauge, articulated in middle of all flowers, calyptrae 1966, bud, C. Játiva 330 (NY!). and lenticels absent. Floral buds 4.5–7 mm long, spheroid to ovoid, apex rounded, lenticels absent. Sepals 4, 4.5–7 × 59. Tovomita umbellata Benth. in London J. Bot. 2: 367. 6.5 mm, circular to oblong, apex rounded, greenish; petals 1843. – Lectotype (designated here): Guyana, s.loc., 4, not measured, white. Staminate flowers not seen. Pistil- s.dat., R. H. Schomburgk 991 (K [K000488537]!; isoleclate flowers: staminodes not counted, c. 5 mm long, white; totypes: BM [BM000047399] photo!, G [G00355765] ovary 5–6.2 mm long, 4-locular, white, stigmas 4, sessile, photo!, G [G00355790] photo!, GH [GH00067919]!, c. 1.5 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 4.9–5.2 × 2.4–4.2 cm, K [K000488538]!, NY [NY00579001]!, NY 4-septate, pyriform when closed, not costate or lobed, [NY00579000]!, S [S03-2040] photo!, U [U0002439] rostrum present, c. 6 mm long when immature, epicarp photo!, US [ US 00114305] photo!, W [no. W-1889- smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; 0309912]!). sepals, petals, and staminodes persistent when immature, = Tovomita stigmatosa Planch. & Triana in Ann. Sci. stigmas always persistent. Aril orange. Nat., Bot. 14, sér. 4: 275. 1860. – Lectotype (designated here): [Colombia], Nouvelle-Granade, région Distribution — Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó, Valle del de l’Orénoque, forêts de Villavicencio, Llanos de San Cauca), Ecuador (Carchi, Esmeraldas). Fig. 82. Martin, au pied de la Cordillèrae orientale, 400 m, [1851–1857], J. Triana [5433] (MPU [MPU014285] Conservation status — Data Deficient (DD, Marinho & photo!; isolectotypes: BM [BM000047402] photo!, Beech 2019). COL [COL000103503] photo!, K [K000488584]!, P [P00093868]!, W [no. W-0051857]!). Recognition and discussion — Although many floral char- = Tovomita nigrescens Planch. & Triana in Ann. Sci. acters of this species have not been measured, it can be Nat., Bot. 14, sér. 4: 276. 1860. – Lectotype (desrecognized by the spheroid to ovoid floral buds, and large ignated here): Guyana, Guyane anglaise, R. Schom-

= burgk 901 ( G [ G00355765 ] photo!; isolectotypes: MPU [ MPU014280 About MPU ] photo!, MPU [ MPU014281 About MPU ] photo!) .

Tovomita cephalostigma Vesque, Epharmosis View in CoL 3: 19. 1892. – Lectotype (designated here): [French Guiana], Guyana gall., 1863, M. Mélinon 435 (P [ P01901223 ]!; isolectotypes: P [ P00093869 ]!, P [ P01901224 ]!, P [ P01901225 ]!).

Description — Trees up to 13 m tall, prop roots conspicuous; exudate yellow, abundant. Petioles 0.7–1.7 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 5.3–20(– 34.5) × 2.1–6.7(–9) cm, usually brown-orangish abaxially and dark brown adaxially in sicco, black dots absent, chartaceous, obovate to oblong, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate to rounded; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals clearly visible abaxially in young leaves, immersed in both surfaces, parallel to secondary veins. Venation: secondary veins 10–16 pairs, 4–24 mm apart from each other, forming angle 65°–75° to midvein, slightly prominent in both surfaces, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or two per intercostal area, thinner than secondary veins,> 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ lax cyme with 5 basal branches and up to c. 150 flowers, with terminal flower, ♀ cyme with 4 basal branches and up to 12 flowers, lenticels absent. Pedicels 9–13 mm long, green, sometimes reddish, distal portion dilated, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia; calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 5.5–7 mm long, ovoid, apex apiculate, lenticels present. Sepals 4, 4.5–7 × 3–4.2 mm, ovate to oblong, apex apiculate or rounded, greenish to pale yellow; petals 4, 3.3–4.5 × 1.5–3 mm, oblong, inner ones strongly patent, apex rounded, yellowish. Staminate flowers: stamens 20–35, 3.5–5 mm long, isodynamous; filaments terete, yellowish-white; anthers 0.3–0.5 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous, conic. Pistillate flowers: staminodes c. 32, 2–4.5 mm long, white to yellowish; ovary 3–4 mm long, not costate or lobed, 4-locular, white to yellowish, stigmas 4, sessile, 1.5–2 mm in diam., white. Capsules fleshy, 2.6–3.2 × 0.8–1.4 cm, 4-septate, fusiform when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum present, 2.5–3.2 mm long, epicarp smooth, green when immature and mature, mesocarp greenish becoming red, pedicel dilated; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril orange to red. Fig. 83.

Distribution — Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz), Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Cundinamarca, Meta, Vaupés, Vichada), French Guiana (Saint-Elie, Saül), Guyana (Alto Takutu-Alto Essequibo,

Cayuni-Mazaruni), Peru (Loreto, San Martín), Suriname

(Brokopondo, Sipaliwini),

Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar). Fig. 84 .

Conservation status — Least

Concern (LC, Marinho &

Beech 2019).