Tovomita volkeri L. Marinho

61. Tovomita volkeri L. Marinho View in CoL in Pl. Syst. Evol. 302: 1129. 2016. – Holotype: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Distrito Agropecuário da Suframa   GoogleMaps , rodovia BR174 , km 72 depois 6 km oeste da BR, Fazenda Dimona, 02°19'S, 60°05'W, 10 Jun 1985, M. J. R. Pereira e equipe s.n. (INPA [no. 187851]!; isotype: NY [ NY1417144 ]!).

Description — Trees up to 19 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 1.5–2.5 cm long, green, smooth, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 9–20.5 × 2.3–8.5 cm, dark brown adaxially and light brown abaxially in sicco, black dots present abaxially, chartaceous, elliptic to obovate, base decurrent, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals clearly visible in young leaves, immersed in both surfaces, more or less parallel to secondary vein. Venation: secondary veins 10–15 pairs, 4–16 mm apart from each other, forming angle 40°–50° to midvein, immersed adaxially, prominent abaxially, arcuate and connecting near margin; intersecondary veins present, one or two per intercostal area, much thinner than secondary veins, distal course reticulating,> 50 % of subjacent secondary length; tertiary veins percurrent convex; intramarginal vein absent. Inflorescences: ♂ usually congested cyme with 3 or 5 basal branches and up to 60 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 12 flowers, lenticels absent. Pedicels 6–10 mm long, green, distal and proximal portion with same gauge, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, lenticels absent. Floral buds 6–8 mm long, cylindric to oblong, apex acute to mucronulate, lenticels absent, blackened in sicco. Sepals 2, 7–9 × 2.5–3 mm, oblong, apex acute, green; petals 4, 4.6–6.5 × 1–2 mm, elliptic to linear, patent, obtuse to acute, coloration not seen. Staminate flowers: stamens 25–30, 4.5–6.3 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments filiform-terete, white; anthers 0.2–0.4 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode 1.4–1.5 mm long, conic. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 25–30, 4.5–6.3 mm long, coloration not seen; ovary c. 5 mm long, 4-costate, 4-locular, coloration not seen, stigmas 4, sessile, 0.3–0.4 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 2.5–6 × 1.5 cm, 4-septate, rhombic to obovate when closed, 4-costate, rostrum present, c. 3 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, green when immature and mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals and staminodes caducous, stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 86.

Iconography — Illustration available in Marinho & al. (2016c: 1132).

Distribution — Brazil (Acre, Amazonas), Colombia (Amazonas, Meta, Vaupés), Peru (Amazonas, Huanuco, Loreto, Pasco), and Venezuela (Amazonas). Fig. 85.

Conservation status — Least Concern (LC, Marinho & Beech (2019).

Recognition and discussion — Tovomita volkeri can be recognized by the secondary veins forming an angle of 40°–50° to the midvein ( Fig. 86C), cylindric to oblong floral buds with an acute to mucronulate apex. The stamens (fl. ♂) and staminodes (fl. ♀) are filiform-terete, and the fruits are strongly costate with smooth epicarp ( Fig. 86D). Tovomita volkeri shares with T. tenuiflora the cylindric to oblong floral buds and filiform-terete stamens, but it can be distinguished by the number of secondary veins (10–15 vs c. 35 pairs in T. tenuiflora ). In herbarium samples the floral buds of T. volkeri assume a notorious blackish coloration.

Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: ACRE: Cruzeiro do Sul , Projeto RADAM , sub-base de Cruzeiro do Sul , 19 Feb 1976, fr., L. R . Marinho 257 ( HRB!, IAN!); AMAZONAS: Coari , 20 Jan 1989, fr., J. M. S . Miralha & al. 105 ( CEPEC!, INPA!, NY!) . — COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: Araracuara Villazul, Río Caquetá, 00°34'S, 72°08'W, 18 Sep 1989, bud, C GoogleMaps . Lodroño & al. 829 ( NY!); META: La Macarena, vereda Alto de Guaduas , 02°36'49"N, 74°30'49"W, 13 Aug 2013, sterile, M GoogleMaps . Yepes & J. C . Gonzales 594 ( COAH!). VAUPÉS: Mitú and vicinity low- er Río Kubiyú , 11 Apr 1975, fr., J. L . Zarucchi & E. W . Davis 1179 ( GH!, NY!) . — PERU: AMAZONAS: Distrito Imaza, Yamayakat, 05°03'20"S, 78°20'23"W, 480 m, R GoogleMaps . Vásquez & al. 21643 ( NY!); HUANUCO: Prov. Pachitea, region Pucallpa , 09°29'S, 74°50'W, 360 m, W GoogleMaps . Morawetz & B . Wallnöfer V29-13888 ( W!); LORETO: Prov. Almendras, Río Nanay , 03°48'S, 73°25'W, 10 Apr 1985, fr., R GoogleMaps . Vásquez & N. Jaramillo 6318 ( K!); PASCO: Prov. Oxapampa, Cabeza de Mono, Río Iscozacin , 10°20'S, 75°18'W, 7 Jun 1983, sterile, A GoogleMaps . Gentry & al. 41566 ( NY!) . — VENEZUELA: AMAZONAS: San Carlos de Río Negro, Río Negro and Brazo Casaquiare, 01°56'N, 67°03'W, 25 Sep 1981, bud fl. ♀, H. L GoogleMaps . Clark & P . Maquirino 8326 ( INPA!) .