Tovomita calophyllophylla García-Villacorta & Hammel

8. Tovomita calophyllophylla García-Villacorta & Hammel View in CoL in Brittonia 56: 132. 2004. – Holotype: Peru, Loreto, Provincia Maynas, Estación Biológica Callicebus , Río Nanay-Mishana , bosque primario, suelos de arena blanca, 03°85'59"S, 73°83'59"W, 130 m, 31 Dec 1981, R. Vásquez & al. 2810 (AMAZ; isotypes: MO, NY!, USM).

Description — Trees up to 20 m tall, prop roots inconspicuous; exudate yellow, scarce. Petioles 1.2–2 cm long, transversely striate, green, lenticels absent. Leaf blades 6.5–21 × 2–4.5 cm, brownish in sicco, black dots present abaxially, coriaceous, narrowly elliptic to oblong, base convex to decurrent, apex acuminate; papillae, lenticels and fungal spots absent; exudate canals inconspicuous. Venation: secondary veins 24–50 pairs, 2–4 mm apart from each other, forming angle 65°–75° to midvein, immersed in both surfaces, straight near margin; intersecondary veins present, two per intercostal area, similar to secondary ones, parallel to major secondary,> 50 % of subjacent secondary length; intramarginal vein present. Inflorescences: ♂ usually congested cyme with 3 basal branches and up to 9 flowers, lacking terminal flower, ♀ single flower or dichasium, lenticels absent. Pedicel 4–10 mm long, proximally articulated on lateral flowers of dichasia, calyptrae and lenticels absent. Floral buds 4–6 mm long, spheroid, apex rounded, lenticels absent, not blackened in sicco. Sepals 4, 5–8 × 5–7 mm, oblong to orbicular, apex rounded, greenish; petals 4–6, 5.5–10 × 3–4.5 mm, oblong, patent, apex rounded, white. Staminate flowers: stamens 40–50, 3.5–5 mm long, heterodynamous; filaments dorsiventrally compressed, white; anthers 0.8–1 mm long, connective not exceeding thecae; pistillode inconspicuous. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 35–40, 3–4.5 mm long, white; ovary 5–6 mm long, not costate, 5-locular, white to greenish, styles 2.8–3 mm long, white to greenish, free, stigmas 5, 1–1.5 mm in diam. Capsules fleshy, 3.2–4.7 × 1.7–2.1 cm, 5-septate, pyriform to rhombic when closed, not costate or lobed, rostrum present, 1–1.3 mm long, free styles portion 5–6 mm long, epicarp smooth, lenticels absent, green when immature or green-yellowish when mature, mesocarp red; sepals, petals, staminodes and stigmas persistent. Aril orange. Fig. 24.

Iconography — Illustration available in García-Villacorta & Hammel (2004: 133).

Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia), Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Vaupés), Peru (Loreto). Fig. 23.

Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU, Marinho & Beech 2019).

Recognition and discussion — The leaves of Tovomita calophyllophylla resemble those of Calophyllum L. ( Calophyllaceae ) by the large number of closely arranged secondary veins and the transversely striate petioles ( Fig. 24A, B). The latter character is common in species of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) , but unusual in Tovomita , also occurring only in T. clarkii and T. nervosa . Tovomita calophyllophylla shares with these two species several leaf and floral characters but can be readily differentiated by the size of floral buds (4–6 mm vs> 6 mm long in T. clarkii and T. nervosa ) and anther size (<1 mm vs> 1.5 mm long in both). Other characters that distinguish these species are presented in the discussion of T. nervosa .

Selected specimens examined — BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke , 02°53'S, 59°59'W, 26 Oct 1995, bud, J. E. L. S GoogleMaps . Ribeiro & al. 1746 ( INPA!, UEC!) . MATO GROSSO: Itaúba, linha de transmissão da Usina Hidroelétrica Colíder , 19 Jul 2017, fl. ♂, M. E . Engels & R. W. S . Silva 5711 ( HERBAM photo!) . PARÁ: Belém Ilha do Mosqueiro, terreno da Fazenda Agro Pastoril , 5 Sep 1971, fl. ♂, E . Oliveira 5862 ( MG!) . RONDÔNIA: 28 km SW of Vilhena, on road to Colorado , 26 Oct 1979, fr., B. W . Nelson 303 ( NY!) . — COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: Chorrera, comunidad de San Antonio, alto del Río Igaraparaná , 01°09'48"S, 72°55'28"W, 120 m, 2 Oct 2023, fr., N GoogleMaps . Castaño-A. & U. Monayatofe 14070 ( COAH!) . CAQUETÁ: Solano, Río Mesay, Parque Nacional Natural Serranía de Chiribiquete , 00°02'48"N, 72°27'48"W, 400 m, 1 Apr 2019, sterile, D. Cárdenas & al. 52713 ( COAH!) GoogleMaps . VAUPÉS: Río Piraparaná , 00°15'S, 70°30'W, 9 Mar 1952, fr., R. E GoogleMaps . Schultes & I . Cabrera 15918 ( NY!) . — PERU: LORETO: Prov. Requena , 7 Oct 1986, bud, M . Cheta 145 ( NY) .