Tovomita Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane

Tovomita Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane View in CoL 2: 956. 1775. – Type:

Tovomita guianensis Aubl.

= Marialva Vand., Fl. Lusit. Bras. Spec. View in CoL : 37. 1788. – Type: not designated.

= Beauharnoisia Ruiz & Pav. View in CoL in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 11: 71. 1808. – Type: Beauharnoisia fructipendula Ruiz & Pav. View in CoL (≡ Tovomita fructipendula (Ruiz & Pav.) Cambess. View in CoL ).

= Micranthera Choisy, Mém. Nouv. Gen. Guttif. View in CoL : 15. 1823. – Type: Micranthera clusioides Choisy View in CoL , nom.

= illeg. superfl. (≡ Clusia longifolia Rich. ≡ Tovomita longifolia (Rich.) Hochr. View in CoL ).

Tovomitidium Ducke View in CoL in Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 61. 1935. – Type: not designated.

Orthographical variants of Marialva Vand. View in CoL

“ Marialvea ” Spreng., Anleit. Kenntn. Gew., ed. 2, 2: 783. 1818.

“ Marialvaea ” Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 82. 1827.

Description — Trees or shrubs with or without conspicuous prop roots; axillary shoots with a long proximal internodes and short distal internodes; exudate yellowish-white to orangish in branches and leaves. Leaves simple, opposite, petiolate, subsessile or sessile; petioles green, sometimes reddish, smooth or transversely striate, excavated or not, base with or not a conspicuous hood-shaped structures; leaf blades membranaceous, chartaceous or coriaceous, elliptic, oblanceolate, ovate to obovate, light or dark green in vivo, greenish, greyish, copper-coloured, brown-orangish, dark brown or purplish-red in sicco; base symmetric, rarely asymmetric, margin entire; papillae, lenticels, fungal spots, and black dots present or not; venation simple brochidodromous, midvein prominent abaxially, usually immersed adaxially; secondary veins arcuate, slightly arcuate or straight, prominent abaxially, usually immersed adaxially; major secondary spacing regular or irregular; intersecondary veins present or not, parallel to major secondaries, two or more per intercostal area, or inconspicuous; tertiary veins percurrent sinuous, perpendicular or inconspicuous; intramarginal vein present or not. Inflorescences a dichasial cyme, terminal, with 3–7-basal branches, rarely single flower, terminal flower of inflorescence present or not, lenticels or papillae present or not, bracts and bracteoles early caducous, sometimes connate in a calyptra, dichasia sometimes lacking central flower. Pedicel articulated or not on central flower of dichasia, articulated on lateral flowers, rarely not, bracteoles present or not, sometimes connate in a calyptra on lateral flowers; bracteoles absent or 2. Floral buds oblong, ovoid or spheroid, apex rounded, acute, apiculate, retuse, rostrate or mucronulate, rarely prolonged; lenticels or papillae present or not. Flowers with 2–4 sepals, base truncate, margin entire, apex similar to floral bud, fleshy, outer pair enclosing bud; petals (2–)4–8, base truncate, margin entire, apex rounded to acute, membranaceous. Staminate flowers with 9–145 stamens, iso or heterodynamous, filaments filiform-terete, terete, subclavate or dorsiventrally compressed, pistillode present, usually inconspicuous, stigmatic region papillate. Pollen grains monads of medium size, tricolporate, circular to subtriangular in polar view, subprolate to prolate in equatorial view; exine psilate to microreticulate, rarely reticulate. Pistillate flowers with staminodes similar to stamens, but with vestigial anthers; ovary 4–6(–7)-locular, ovate, costate or not, 1 ovule per locule, styles 4–6(–7), free or partially to entirely connate, persistent or not; stigmas 4–6(–7), capitate, sessile or not, free from each other, persistent. Fruits capsules, fleshy, fusiform, napiform, obovate, ovoid, pyriform, spheroid or turbinate, styles fused forming a rostrum, free or absent, with 4–6(–7) valves; epicarp smooth, asperous or rugose, rarely verruculose or with woody ornamentation or lenticels, costate or not, lobed or not; mesocarp orange, red, purplish-red, rarely white or greenish becoming reddish; sepals, petals and staminodes persistent or caducous, stigmas always persistent; styles free or fused in a rostrum. Seeds 1 per locule, spheroid to reniform, arillate, aril orange or reddish, rarely yellow, vascularized.

General vernacular names — All of the following names came from labels of different species. They are: mangue, mangue-rana, pachiuba-rana/paxiuba-rana or sapateiro ( Brazil); arrayan guayabo, bociai, cajao-manio/ kajaomanio, guainue, gusrco-moho, maiwiriwiripanare or wajua-ita ( Colombia); mangle dulce ( Costa Rica); kwatri or palikur (French Guiana); awasokuli/awasokulé or manyemo ( Guyana); chulla chaki/chullachaqui caspi ( Peru); kleinbladige bormangro ( Suriname); palo-detinaja or wakamiyek ( Venezuela).