Eperua rubiginosa Miq. var. rubiginosa

17a. Eperua rubiginosa Miq. var. rubiginosa View in CoL View at ENA

Stipules 1.2–3.5(–4.1) × 0.7–2.2, free. Leaves (2–)3(–4); rachis (2.3–)4.0–15.2(–18.5) cm long; secondary venation with one intramarginal vein, sometimes two, the vein closer to the margin not continuous. Inflorescences 46.0–280.0(– 500.0) cm long; pedicel 0.6–2.0 mm in diameter. Flowers: hypanthium 2.8–5.9 mm in diameter; sepal 1.0–1.8(2.1) × 0.3–1.1 cm.

Phenology:— Flowering throughout the year with a flowering pick from August to December; fruiting throughout the year, mainly from October to November.

Distribution:— Brazil ( Amapá, Pará), French Guiana (Cayenne, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni), Guyana ( Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takatu-Upper Essequibo), and Surinam ( Brokopondo, Kabalebo, Marowijne, Para, Sipaliwini).

Habitat:— Mainly in floodplains forests ( igapó, swamp forest), sometimes in terra-firme forest, rarely in wallaba forest, on white and brown sand, stony clayey, sandy stony, and laterite soils, from sea level to 350 m elev.

Occurrence in protected areas:— Parque Indígena Tumucumaque, Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque ( Brazil), Réserve Naturelle de Nouragues ( French Guiana, Cayenne).

Etymology:— The specific epithet relates to its inflorescence, flowers, and fruit color indumentum.

Vernacular names:— apa ( Irwin H.S. & Westra L.Y.T. 47471, Pires J.M. & Westra L.Y.T. 48849), bioudou ( BAFOG 6239, BAFOG 7831, BAFOG 7937, IFAT 7831, IFAT 7937), eturi wallaba ( Redden K.M. et al. 6012), franga (boni), ouapa (créole) ( Schnell R.A.A. 11456), iperana-apá ( Rosa N.A. 1183), ituri wallaba ( Fanshawe D.B. 4840), oever wallaba ( Maguire B. et al. 54014), ouapa (nom créole) ( Oldeman R.A.A. 1552), tapaka ( Grenand P. 1521), uapá ( Candido J. s.n. IAN44221, IAN44221a), walaba ( BAFOG 219, Landsbosbeheer 311, Lanjouw J. 1209, 738, Lanjouw J. & Lindeman J.C. 324, Mennega A.M.W. 102), wallaba ( Evans R. et al. 1929, Junker L. 249), wapa ( Angel G. 126, Fleury M. 1129, Hoff M. 5964, Oldeman R.A.A. 1520, Thiel J. 891, 892), wapa riviére ( Angel G. 126, Bordenave B. 228, Paget D. 51, Thiel J. 891, 892, Prévost M.F. 4038, Benoist R. s.n. P03465703).

Uses:— Brazil: wood used for house construction ( Fortes E.A. collections), shingles, fencing, and poles ( Pires J.M. & Westra L.Y.T. 48849).

Taxonomic notes:— Eperua rubiginosa shares with E. glabra the multijugate leaves with straight leaflets, long and pendulous inflorescences, erect lateral racemes, caducous bracteoles attached to the lower portion of the pedicels, non-tubular corolla, and exserted stamens joined in a tube. However, E. rubiginosa differs by the tomentulose inflorescence (vs. glabrous in E. glabra ) and tomentose ovary and fruit (vs. glabrous in E. glabra ) (see Table 4 View TABLE 4 ).

Selected specimens:— BRAZIL. Amapá, Macapá, Fazendinha , Parque Zoobotânico , IEPA, rodovia JK , 10 ki, empreendimento AHE, Santo Antônio do rio Jari , 17 August 2010, Carim M.J.V. & Guimarães J.R.S. 533 ( HAMAB). GoogleMaps Oiapoque , nas margens da rodovia BR156 entre Oiapoque e Calçoene , a 23 km de Oiapoque, 3°42’11.8”N 51°46’24.1”W, 04 December 2021, Fortes E.A. & Silva G.S. da 167 ( IAN, RB); GoogleMaps nas margens do rio Oiapoque próximo à ponte BR-GF , lado brasileiro, 3°51’22.1”N 51°49’29.7”W, 05 December 2021, Fortes E.A. & Silva G.S. da 168 ( IAN, RB). GoogleMaps Pedra Branca do Amapari, Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque , acima da Base Jupará , 105 m elev., 1°11’16”S 52°22’8”W, 08 November 2018, Goldenberg R. et al. 2522 ( MG, RB); GoogleMaps rio Amapari , between Munguba and Serra do Navio , 0°42’0”N 51°45’0”W, 25 September 1961, Pires J.M. et al. 51182 ( IAN, INPA , K, MG, NY, U, US). GoogleMaps Serra do Navio, rio Araguari , between camps 12 and 13, 04 October 1961, Pires J.M. et al. 51501 ( IAN, MG, NY, US). GoogleMaps Pará, Óbidos , rio Paru do Oeste ( Tirió ), barranco à beira do rio, 26 June 1960, Cavalcante P.B. 870 ( MG, NY). GoogleMaps Oriximiná , distrito de Porto Trombetas , km 6 , cachoeira da Porteira , 1°5’23”S 57°2’84”W, 17 September 2003, Faria S.M. de et al. 2450 ( HSTM, MBM, RB). GoogleMaps FRENCH GUIANA. Cayenne, Cayenne , unknown locality, October 1910, 1948, Santini 1948 ( L). GoogleMaps Kourou , riviére Kourou, bassin du Kourou , 10 October 1980, Thiel J. 729 ( CAY). GoogleMaps Régina, station des Nouragues (cam inselberg), trail XV detour near RG on Grand Plateau , 40– 20 m elev., 4°5’30”N 52°41’0”W, 10 October 2008, Geiselman C.K. 169 ( NY). GoogleMaps Roura , rivière la Counamama , 4°31’0”N 52°16’0”W, 06 October 2000, Prévost M.F. 4038 ( CAY). GoogleMaps Saint-Élie, Saut takari-tante , bassin du sinnamary, m elev., 4°37’0”N 52°56’0”W, 19 November 1989, Hoff M. 5964 ( CAY). GoogleMaps Saint-Georges, crique Gabaret , 3°55’0”N 51°47’59”W, 07 December 2005, Delnatte C. 325 ( CAY, COL, MPU). GoogleMaps Sinnamary, pointe Combi, région littorale, riviére Sinnamary , 24 November 1979, Thiel J. 588 ( CAY). GoogleMaps Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni , Grandi-Santi , 25 August 1961, Schnell R.A.A. 11456 ( CAY, P, U, US). GoogleMaps Mana , unknown locality, 06 December 1979, Thiel J. 601 ( CAY). GoogleMaps Maripasoula , camp no. 1 ouman fou langa soula—bassin du haut marouini Saint-Laurent-du-Maron, 2°52’59.9”N 54°0’0”W, 24 August 1987, Granville J-J. de 9666 ( CAY, US). GoogleMaps GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Iwokrama Rainforest Reserve , between Pakutau Falls and Ireng Creek on Siparuni R., 75 m elev., 4°45’0’’N 59°01’0’’W, 09 November 1995, Clarke H.D. 442 ( US). GoogleMaps Potaro-Siparuni, Kaieteur National Park , plot Study #1, NE from end of airstrip at headwaters of Korume Creek , 300–350 m elev., 5°10’0”N 59°28’59.9”W, 11–19 March 1997, Kelloff C.L. & McKee G.S. 1246 (US) GoogleMaps Upper Demerara-Berbice, Fairview Landing E bank of Essequibo River , near end of Mabura road , 91 m elev., 4°40’0”N 58°40’0”W, 19 July 1990, McDowell T. 3271 ( INPA, US ). GoogleMaps Upper Takatu-Upper Essequibo, Acarai Mts., 4 km S of Sipu River, area near camp at base of Acarai Mts. , 245 m elev., 1°23’0”N 58°56’0”W, 08 September 1998, Clarke H.D. et al. 7639 ( U, US); GoogleMaps Essequibo region, Kuyuwuni river watershed, Airshalton Landing, upstream 2–3 km N & S banks, 250 m elev., 2°03’00”N 59°10’0”W, 22 November 1993, Henkel T.W. et al. 3100 ( U, US); GoogleMaps Essequibo River , 222 m elev., 2°15’21.1”N 58°19’26.5”W, 27 April 2004, Redden K.M. et al. 3130 ( US);. GoogleMaps SURINAM. Brokopondo, van Blommesteijn Lake , Island south, 48 m elev., 4°33.8’0”N 55°7.2’0”W, 11 April 2011, Bhikhi C.R. et al. 873 ( U). GoogleMaps Kabalebo, Central SURINAM Nature Reserve , unnamed tributary of Coppename River 200 m South of Driefoetoe Sula, 50–75 m elev., 4°45’0”N 59°1’0”W, 10 March 2004, Clarke H.D. & Rhodes J. 11375 ( US). GoogleMaps Marowijne, Albina , ad ripas fluv. Marowijne. S of Albina , 19 September 1948, Lanjouw J. & Lindeman J.C. 324 ( IAN, U). GoogleMaps Para, unknown locality, undated, Voltz F. s.n. U1302936 ( U). GoogleMaps Sipaliwini, Coeroeni , N side of Kuruni Island, E of trail from airstrip to N branch of Kuruni River around island, ca. 30 airline km E of confluence on Corantijn River , 180 m elev., 3°22’12”N 57°20’36”W, 10 November 1994, Evans R. et al. 1929 ( CAY, IAN, INPA , P, RB, U, US). GoogleMaps Goddo , unknown locality, 19 August 1908, Tresling J.H.A. T. 334 ( RB, U). GoogleMaps Raleigh vallen- Voltzberg Nature Reserve on the Coppename River , 145 kms SW of Paramaribo, vicinity of Lolopasi Hut , left bank of the Coppename River , 21 November 1976, Mori S.A. & Bolten A. 8673 ( U) GoogleMaps .