Pseudolinices empina ( De Gregorio, 1885 ), 2025

Pseudolinices empina ( De Gregorio, 1885) nov. comb.

Figs 2I View FIGURE 2 , 27–29 View FIGURE 27 View FIGURE 28 View FIGURE 29

Natica cepacea Lam.—Pusch 1837: 102 View in CoL , pl. 9, fig. 13 [ non Cepatia cepacea ( Lamarck, 1804) View in CoL ].

Natica cepacea Lam.—Pusch 1836: 543 View in CoL [ non Cepatia cepacea ( Lamarck, 1804) View in CoL ].

Michelotti 1847

[ Natica View in CoL ] compressa Bast.— Hörnes 1848: 22 [ non Globularia compressa (de Basterot, 1825)].

[ Natica View in CoL ] compressa— Naumann 1852: pl. 69, fig. 13 [ non Globularia compressa (de Basterot, 1825)].

[ Natica View in CoL ] compressa Bast.— Naumann 1854: 1065 [ non Globularia compressa (de Basterot, 1825)].

Natica redempta Micht.—Hörnes 1856: 522 View in CoL , pl. 47, fig. 3 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

Natica redempta View in CoL — Quenstedt 1881: 261, pl. 194, figs 10, 12 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

* Natica redempta Michelotti var. empina De Greg. — De Gregorio 1885: 87 [for Natica redempta View in CoL in Hörnes 1856: pl. 47, fig. 3].

Natica ( Polinices) redempta Michti— Boettger 1902: 83 View in CoL [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

Natica View in CoL ( Poliniceps [ sic]) redempta Micht. View in CoL var.— Friedberg 1923: 433, pl. 26, figs 6–7 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

Polynices redempta Micht. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 42 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

Polynices staszici Friedberg — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 43, pl. 2, fig. 13 [ non Pseudolinices staszici ( Friedberg, 1923) ].

Polynices redempta (Michelotti) — Glibert 1952a: 253, pl. 2, figs h–i [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

Polinices ( Polinices) redempta Mich. View in CoL var.— Korobkov 1955: pl. 42, figs 6–7 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

Natica ( Polynices) redempta Micht. View in CoL — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 433 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

P [ olinices]. ( P [ olinices].) redemptus (Micht.) — Sieber 1958: 139 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

P [ olinices]. ( P [ olinices].) proredemptus Sacco— Sieber 1958: 139 [ non Pseudolinices proredemptus ( Sacco, 1890) ].

Natica redempta Micht.— Eremija 1959 View in CoL : pl. 2, figs 8–8a [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

Polinices redempta Michelotti— Strachimirov 1960: 268 View in CoL , pl. 6, figs 4–4a [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

Polinices ( Polinices) redempta var. dertoconvexa Sacco 1891 – Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 120, pl. 33, fig. 6 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

Natica ( Polinices) redempta Micht.— Florei 1961: 684 View in CoL , pl. 8, fig. 59 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

Natica ( Polynices) redempta staszici Friedberg, 1928 —Strauss 1966: 232, pl. 47, figs 33–35, pl. 48, figs 1–4 [ non Pseudolinices staszici ( Friedberg, 1923) ].

Polinices ( Polinices) redemptus (Micht.) View in CoL — Stancu & Andreescu 1968: 462, pl. 3, fig. 32 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

Polinices ( Polinices) redemptus scalariformis ( Michelotti, 1847) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 135, pl. 32, fig. 15 [ non Pseudolinices proredemptus ( Sacco, 1890) ].

Polinices ( Polinices) proredemptus Sacco, 1891 —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 135, pl. 32, fig. 16 [ non Pseudolinices proredemptus ( Sacco, 1890) ].

Polinices ( Polinices) proredemptus scalariformis Sacco, 1904 —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 136, pl. 32, fig. 18 [ non Pseudolinices proredemptus ( Sacco, 1890) ].

Polynices redempta Micht. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969b: 23, pl. 5, fig. 16 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ]. Polinices ( Polinices) redempta dertoconvexa Sacco—Atanacković 1969: 201 , pl. 10, fig. 1 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus

( Michelotti, 1847)]. Polinices redempta dertoconvexa Sacco— Eremija 1971: 72 , pl. 7, fig. 5 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ]. Polinices redemptus (Micht.) View in CoL — Stancu et al. 1971: 125, pl. 6, figs 6–7 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ]. Natica ( Polinices) redempta Michelotti, 1847 View in CoL — Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973: 170, pl. 25, figs 1–2 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus

( Michelotti, 1847)]. Polynices redempta (Micht.) — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1158, pl. 9, fig. 9 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ]. Natica redempta Micht.— Urbaniak 1974: 39 , pl. 14, figs 4a–b. Polinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) — Švagrovský 1982: 32, pl. 10, fig. 2 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti,

1847)]. Polinices ( Polinices) redempta dertoconvexa Sacco 1891 — Atanacković 1985: 131, pl. 30, figs 1–2 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ]. Polinices redemptus (Michelotti) — Bałuk 1995: 198, pl. 15, figs 7–8 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) ]. Polinices ( Polinices) proredemptus Sacco— Schultz 1998: 58 , pl. 22, fig. 9 [ non Pseudolinices proredemptus ( Sacco, 1890) ]. Polinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) — Harzhauser 2002: 88, pl. 5, figs 5–6 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus ( Michelotti,

1847)]. Polinices redemptus ( Michelotti, 1847) — Landau et al. 2013: 105, pl. 11, fig. 7, pl. 79, fig. 7 [ non Pseudolinices redemptus

( Michelotti, 1847)]. non Natica ( Polynices) redempta Michelotti, 1847 — Strausz 1966 ( pars): 231, pl. 47, figs 19–31 [= Pseudolinices pseudoredempta

( Friedberg, 1923)]. non Polynices redempta Micht. —Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: pl. 5, fig. 17 [= Cochlis unica ( Bałuk, 1995) ]. non Polinices cf. redemptus ( Michelotti 1847) — Pfister & Wegmüller 2007: 101, pl. 17, figs 10–18 [unidentifiable internal casts].

Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1855 View Materials /0002/0029a, SL: 56.5 mm, MD: 58.0 mm, Grund ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: 47, figs 3a–b), Figs 27A View FIGURE 27 1 –A View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 .

Illustrated material. NHMW 2024/0244/0001, SL: 57.3 mm, MD: 59.6 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria), Figs 27B View FIGURE 27 1 –B View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 . NHMW 2024/0236/0020, SL: 53.5 mm, MD: 47.3 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Figs 27C View FIGURE 27 1 –C View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 . NHMW 2024/0236/0021, SL: 49.2 mm, MD: 46.0 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Figs 27D View FIGURE 27 1 –D View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 . NHMW 2024/0236/0022, SL: 23.5 mm, MD: 25.9 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria), Figs 28A View FIGURE 28 1 –A View FIGURE 1 3 View FIGURE 3 . NHMW 1858/0038/0188, SL: 22.2 mm, MD: 23.3 mm, Vienna /Pötzleinsdorf ( Austria), 29A 1 –A 3. NHMW 1876/0037/0437, SL: 37.8 mm, MD: 32.8 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria), 29B 1 –B 3. NHMW A1269, SL: 53.6 mm, MD: 47.1 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Figs 2I View FIGURE 2 , 29C View FIGURE 29 1 –C View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 .

Additional material. 4spec., NHMW 2024 View Materials /0245/0001, Guntersdorf ( Austria) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1855 View Materials /0002/0029, Grund ( Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1851 View Materials /0026/0049, Grund ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 2010 View Materials /0004/0593, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 10 spec., NHMW 1868 View Materials /0001/0050, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 9 spec., NHMW 1855 View Materials /0045/0966, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 2013 View Materials /0479/1015, Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 7 spec., NHMW 2024 View Materials /0246/0001, Enzesfeld ( Austria) ; 18 spec., NHMW 1866 View Materials /0040/0341, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) .

Revised description. Large, very robust, globose-ovate shell of 3.5 teleoconch whorls, about as high as wide ( SL /MD = ~0.9–1.1). Protoconch of ~2.5 convex whorls. Spire moderately high to low conical; apical angle 120– 125°. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, becoming weakly concave close to aperture. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~95% of total height. Regularly convex below rounded shoulder. Prominent subsutural groove appears on last 2/3 of last whorl. Periphery below mid-whorl (~43%). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weak at periphery. Aperture wide D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~87%), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~80– 83% of total height. Columellar lip very broad, reinforced; basal lip slightly expanded, thick; outer lip moderately thin. Columellar angle ~25–32°. Opercular ridge in outer lip occasionally forming weak groove behind peristome. Umbilicus wide, fully sealed by thick umbilical callus. Parietal callus very long (~75%), adapically strongly thickened, with concave margin. No anterior lobe. Umbilical callus flattish, encircled by narrow, shallow groove, fused with parietal callus. Basal fasciole broad, weak, rounded with slightly more prominent growth lines. Color pattern of medium-sized to large, sub-circular to weakly elongate, dark dots on light ground. Operculum simple, moderately thick; outer surface weakly concave, with weak outer ridge, straight inner margin, smooth. Inners surface weakly convex, smooth except for distinct growth lines, nucleus not protruding.

Discussion. Pseudolinices redemptus , from the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene of the Proto-/Mediterranean Sea, differs in its more elongate outline and the weak concavity on the abapical margin of the umbilical callus. Moreover, Pseudolinices redemptus has dark, crescent-shaped blotches (see Robba et al. 2016; pl. 13, figs 7–10). Bałuk (1995, p. 198) noted the variability in the color pattern, which consists of medium sized dark dots or spots on a light background or vice versa. Specimens from the Serravallian of the Karaman Basin ( Turkey) show a similar color pattern of close-set dots of variable size ( Landau et al. 2013: pl. 79, fig. 7).

The specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 3) was tentatively identified as Polinices proredemptus ( Sacco, 1890) by Robba et al. (2016: 196). However, Pseudolinices proredemptus , from the Burdigalian of Italy, differs in its much smaller size, spherical shape, flat umbilical callus and lacks a groove encompassing the umbilical callus (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 13, figs 4–6).

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Gebmannsberg, Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Niederkreuzstetten, Stetten, Wetzleinsdorf ( Austria) ( Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1995); Ukrainian-Polish Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zgłobice ( Poland) ( Urbaniak 1974); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund ( Austria) (Hörnes 1856); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn, Enzesfeld, Steinebrunn ( Austria) (Hörnes 1856), Mikulov, Moravská Třebová ( Czech Republic) ( Quenstedt 1881); Borský Mikuláš ( Slovakia) ( Švagrovský 1982); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau ( Austria) (Hörnes 1856); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing ( Austria) (Hörnes 1856); Pannonian Basin: Hidas ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950), Glina ( Croatia) ( Eremija 1959); Southern Pannonian Basin: Čaklovica, Hrvaćani, Miljevići, ( Bosnia and Herzegovina) ( Atanacković 1985); Prnjavor Basin: Reljevac ( Bosnia and Herzegovina) ( Eremija 1971); Cserhát Mountains: Mátraverebély, Sámsonháza ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Caransebeş Basin: Delineşti, Rugi ( Romania) ( Stancu & Andreescu 1968); Dubova Region ( Romania) ( Stancu et al. 1971); Mehadia Basin : Valea Bela Reca ( Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Zârand Basin: Minişul des Sus ( Romania) ( Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973); Banat: Zorlenţul-Mare ( Romania) ( Florei 1961); Dacian Basin: Opanets, Staropatitsa, Tyrnene ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).