Euspira protracta ( Eichwald, 1830 )

Euspira protracta ( Eichwald, 1830) View in CoL

Figs 2L View FIGURE 2 , 41–43 View FIGURE 41 View FIGURE 42 View FIGURE 43

* N [ atica]. protracta m.— Eichwald 1830: 218.

Natica hemiclausa Sow.—Pusch 1837: 101 , pl. 9, fig. 16 [ non Euspira hemiclausa (J. de C. Sowerby, 1824) ].

Natica protracta View in CoL — Eichwald 1840: 9.

Nat [ ica]. protracta View in CoL m.— Eichwald 1851: 124, pl. 10, fig. 43.

Natica protracta View in CoL — Eichwald 1852: pl. 10, fig. 43.

Natic [ ca]. protracta m.— Eichwald 1853: 255.

Natica ( Lunatia) catena View in CoL da Costa var. helicina Brocc.— Friedberg 1923: 429 View in CoL , pl. 26, fig. 4 [not fig. 5 = Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp.] [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Natica ( Naticina) helicina Brocc. View in CoL ?— Mikhailovsky 1903: 63, 224, pl. 4, figs 20–21.

Natica helicina Brocc.—Davitashvili 1932: 10 View in CoL , pl. 1, figs 15–18 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Natica pavida View in CoL nov. sp. — Zhizhchenko 1934: 79, pl. 9, fig. 29.

Natica helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL — Liwerowskaja 1937: 46, pl. 4, figs 1–6 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Polynices protractus Eichwald, 1853 — Glibert 1952a: 249, pl. 2, fig. 2.

Polynices catena helicina Br. ?— Strausz 1954: 24, pl. 6, figs 130a–b [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Natica helicina Brocchi, 1814 View in CoL — Volkova 1955: 53, pl. 24, fig. 4 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Natica helicina Brocchi— Zhizhchenko 1959: 265 View in CoL , pl. 2, figs 11–13, 16–17 [not figs 14–15] [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Polinices ( Euspira) catena var. helicina ( Brocchi 1814) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 120, pl. 33, fig. 11 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Polinices ( Euspira) catena var. protracta ( Eichwald 1853) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 121, pl. 33, figs 12–13.

Polinices ( Euspira) catena View in CoL (da Costa)— Švagrovský 1960: 89, pl. 9, figs 5–6 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Polinices ( Euspira) catena helicina (Brocc.) — Švagrovský 1964: 80, pl. 16, fig. 9 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Natica ( Lunatia) catena helicina Brocchi, 1814 View in CoL — Strausz 1966: 228 ( pars), pl. 48, figs 13–16, [not pl. 48, fig. 14 = Cochlis sp. , not pl. 49, figs 1–2 = Payraudeautia sp. , not figs 3–5 = Euspira eblera ( De Gregorio, 1885) , not figs 6–8 = Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp.]. 8.], [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Lunatia catena helicina Brocc.— Stancu & Andreescu 1968: 462 , pl. 3, fig. 34 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ]. Polinices catena var. helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 176, pl. 41, figs 21–22 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Polinices ( Euspira) catena helicina ( Brocchi 1814) —Atanacković 1969: 201, pl. 10, fig. 2 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Polinices helicina (Brocchi), 1814 View in CoL — Bagdasaryan 1970: 91, pl. 5, figs 16–23 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ]. Polinices catena helicina (Brocc.) — Ionesi & Ionesi 1972: 4, pl. 3, figs 10–12 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Natica helicina Brocchi— Volkova 1974: 116 View in CoL , pl. 6, fig. 4 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Euspira catena helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL — Švagrovský 1982: 32, pl. 10, fig. 3 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ]. Polinices ( Euspira) catena helicina ( Brocchi 1814) — Atanacković 1985: 132, pl. 30, figs 6–7 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

[ Polinices helicina Brocc. View in CoL ] (misprint)— Ananiashvili 1985: 217, pl. 15, figs 4–11 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ]. Polinices helicina (Brocc.) View in CoL —Nevesskaya et al. 1986: 135 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Lunatia helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL — Iljina 1993: 59, pl. 6, figs 16–17 [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Polinices protractus (Eichwald) — Bałuk 1995: 196, pl. 15, figs 2–3.

Euspira helicina (Brocchi) View in CoL — Hladilová & Fordinál 2013: 39, fig. 6i [ non Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

Euspira protracta ( Eichwald, 1830) View in CoL — Pedriali et al. 2019: 172 View Cited Treatment , figs 27.1–8.

Euspira protracta ( Eichwald, 1830) View in CoL — Stein et al. 2016: 55, text-fig. 30.

non Polinices ( Lunatia) varians protractus (Eichwald) —Robba 1968: 529, pl. 41, fig. 1 [? = Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) View in CoL ].

non Euspira helicina protracta (Von Eichwald) — Janssen 1984: 197, pl. 55, figs 6–8 [= Euspira germanica ( Nordsieck, 1972) ].

Euspira helicina protracta (Von Eichwald, 1830) — Schnetler 2005: 91, fig. 3 [= Euspira germanica ( Nordsieck, 1972) ].

non Euspira helicina protracta ( Eichwald, 1830) — Moths et al. 2010: 37, pl. 11, fig. 8 [= Euspira germanica ( Nordsieck, 1972) ].

non Polinices protractus ( Eichwald, 1853) — Popa et al. 2014: 11, pl. 2, fig. 6 [= Figovina szobiensis ( Strausz, 1959) ].

Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): ZI RAS 62196 , SL: 14 mm, MD: 12.4 mm, Tarnoruda , Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 41B View FIGURE 41 1 –B View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . Paralectotypes: SPSU 3 /464, SL: 12.5 mm, MD: 9.9 mm, Zhukivtsi , Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 41C View FIGURE 41 1 –C View FIGURE 1 3 View FIGURE 3 , and one poorly preserved specimen from the same locality, stored together with ZI RAS 62196 .

Illustrated material. PIN 5904 View Materials /135, SL: 22.2 mm, MD: 18.7 mm, Yaseniv , Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 41A View FIGURE 41 1 –A View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 . NHMW 2024 View Materials /0236/0005a, SL: 14.6 mm, MD: 13.7 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Fig. 2L View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2024 View Materials /0236/0005, SL: 21.7 mm, MD: 18.9 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Figs 42A View FIGURE 42 1 –A View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 . NHMW 2024 View Materials /0236/0006, SL: 20.4 mm, MD: 16.7 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Figs 42B View FIGURE 42 1 –B View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 . NHMW 2024 View Materials /0236/0007, SL: 19.9 mm, MD: 18.8 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Figs 2L View FIGURE 2 , 42C View FIGURE 42 1 –C View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 . NHMW 2024 View Materials /0236/0008, SL: 17.0 mm, MD: 14.2 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Figs 42D View FIGURE 42 1 –D View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 . PIN 5904 View Materials /136, SL: 14.7 mm, MD: 12.7 mm, Novo-Kuvinsk , Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 43A View FIGURE 43 1 –A View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 . 5904/137 , SL: 14.6 mm, MD: 12.5 mm, Shirvanskaya , Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 43B View FIGURE 43 1 –B View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 . PIN 5904 View Materials /138, SL: 17.4 mm, MD: 14.7 mm, Belaya River , Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 43C View FIGURE 43 1 –C View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 . PIN 5904 View Materials /139, SL: 11.9 mm, MD: 10.3 mm, Shirvanskaya , Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 43D View FIGURE 43 1 –D View FIGURE 1 4 View FIGURE 4 . PIN 5904 View Materials / 140, MD: 2.2 mm, Shirvanskaya , Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 44A View FIGURE 44 1 –A View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 .

Paratethyan synonyms. Natica pavida Zhizhchenko, 1934 was originally described from the Tarkhanian of the River Terek ( Georgia) ( Zhizhchenko 1934) and was subsequently reported (partly as ‘ Natica helicina ‘) from other Middle Miocene localities of the eastern Paratethys by Liwerowskaya (1937), Volkova (1955) and Zhizhchenko (1959). The illustrated specimens do not differ from Euspira protracta ( Eichwald, 1830) and we assume the Eastern Paratethyan occurrences are conspecific with the Central Paratethyan species.

Revised description. Small to medium sized, solid, ovate shell, distinctly higher than wide (SL/MD = ~1.1–1.2). Protoconch small, turbiniform, transition to teleoconch unclear; protoconch I with granulose, evenly spaced spiral threads over abapical two-thirds. Spire strongly elevated, conical; apical angle 97–122°. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls occasionally with faint subsutural cord; narrow, weakly concave subsutural ramp, delimited by indistinct, rounded shoulder. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~85% of total height, weakly convex below subsutural ramp, strongly convex at periphery and base. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~47%). Growth lines moderately prominent and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and delicate to subobsolete at periphery. Aperture relatively narrow, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture low (~70%), far below shoulder, at mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~60–65% of total height. Columellar lip and basal lip broad, reinforced, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~24–28°. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~15%), ovate, deep with prominent growth lines, partly narrowed by umbilical callus. Parietal callus very long (~67%), strongly thickened, relatively narrow, rectangular, with straight to weakly concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus only slightly expanding, trigonal. Funicle weak, low, covered by umbilical callus. Umbilical callus fused with anterior lobe, forming trigonal shield-like callus. Basal fasciole solid, rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern uniform tan.

Discussion. This is the most misinterpreted Paratethyan naticid species, although Eichwald (1830, 1851, 1852, 1852) provided good descriptions and illustrations of this quite characteristic species. It has been frequently confused with the Pliocene Euspira helicina ( Brocchi, 1814) and lumped with specimens of Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp., Payraudeautia badensis (Glibert, 1952) and Cochlis pseudoprotracta nov. sp. with which it occurs in enormous masses in offshore clay of the Baden Formation in the Vienna Basin. The status of Euspira helicina was settled by Pedriali & Robba (2008b) by designating a neotype from the Pliocene of Italy. Accordingly, Euspira protracta differs from the Italian species in its higher spire and the weak anterior lobe (see Pedriali & Robba 2008b: figs 1B–C; Pedriali & Robba 2009: pl. 1, figs 12, 16–18, pl. 3, fig. 8). Note that the discussion on Euspira protracta in Pedriali & Robba (2009: 398) refers to specimens from the Hemmoorian of the North Sea Basin, for which the name Euspira germanica ( Nordsieck, 1972) might be the first available name (see Stein et al. 2016: 53). Similarly, records discussed by Glibert (1952b), Janssen (1969, 1984) and Nordsieck (1972) as E. protracta probably represent E. germanica , which differs from the Paratethyan species by its lower spire, globular last whorl and more prominent anterior lobe. Note that the North Sea species was also listed as Euspira mioaperta ( Kautsky, 1925) by Landau et al. (2013), which however, might rather represent a second species.

A specimen from Privol’nyi ( Russia) might represent a late Konkian occurrence of E. protracta in the Eastern Paratethys, but the poor preservation does not allow a clear identification (5904/141, Figs 44B View FIGURE 44 1 –B View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 ).

Paleoecology. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth ( Kranner et al. 2021). In contrast, specimens from the Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin derive from shallow marine, inner neritic environments.

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dibrova, Gorodok, Gryts’kiv, Tarnoruda, Stara Pisochna, Varivtsi, Zavadyntsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Rydomyl’, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zhukivtsi ( Ternopil Region, Ukraine) ( Eichwald 1853; Pedriali et al. 2019; hoc opus); Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya ( Eichwald 1853); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1995); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Bad Vöslau, Möllersdorf ( Austria) (hoc opus); Danube Basin: Modra-Kráľová ( Slovakia) ( Hladilová & Fordinál 2013); Eastern Slovakian Basin: Kuzmice ( Slovakia) ( Švagrovský 1964); southern Pannonian Basin: Čaklovica, Hrvaćani, Jazovac, Malinovac, Miljevići ( Bosnia and Herzegovina) ( Atanacković 1985); Devecser ( Hungary) ( Strausz 1966); Caransebeş Basin: Delineşti, Rugi ( Romania) ( Stancu & Andreescu 1968; Dacian Basin: Viişoara–Brăteşti ( Romania) ( Ionesi & Ionesi 1972); Tyrnene, Trifonovo, Urovene ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Eastern Paratethys. Tarkhanian (Middle Miocene): Black Sea Lowland : Tomakivka ( Dnipropetrovsk Region, Ukraine) ( Mikhailovsky 1903). Ciscaucasia : Belaya River ( Adygea), Benoi-Yassy River (Chehchnya), Khadyzhinsk, Cape Litvinova, Otradnaya, Shirvanskaya ( Krasnodar Krai), Novo-Kuvinsk, Mount Sychevaya (redeposited in Chokrakian) ( Karachay-Cherkessia), Terek River near Vladikavkaz ( North Ossetia), ravine Yaman-Dzhalga ( Stavropol Krai) ( Russia) ( Volkova 1955, Zhizhchenko 1934); Transcaucasia : Badzhi, Gorisa, Chkumi, Muguti, Norio, Sachkhere, Shalauri, Tiniskhidi, Uplistsikhe, Vakha ( Georgia) (Liwerowskaya 1937; Bagdasaryan 1970; Ananiashvili 1985; hoc opus).?Late Konkian (Middle Miocene): Privol’nyi ( Russia) ( hoc opus).