Taraxacum calocephalum Handel-Mazzetti (1907: 106)

13. Taraxacum calocephalum Handel-Mazzetti (1907: 106) View in CoL .

≡ Taraxacum laevigatum subsp. calocephalum (Hand.-Mazz.) Hayek (1931: 831) View in CoL .

Type:— GREECE. Pindus Tymph., Kalampaka , Hagios Stephanos, 4 May 1896, P. Sintenis, Iter Thessalicum 1896, no. 182 ( PRC, no. det. 2139, lectotype, fide Kirschner & Štěpánek 1985: 128; isotypes: B, no. det. 12630; G, no. det. 22507; JE, no. det. 9160; K, no. det. 1986; WU, no. det. 611 & 9059) .

Note:—In two herbarium collections, LD, no. det. 3797, and BRNM, no. det. 1693, the lectotype label text is specified by an extra label addition “in fauce Karawa” [in the Karawa gorge]. These two collections are ( LD) the original personal herbarium of P. Sintenis, and ( BRNM) the collection of J. Freyn who received plant material by P. Sintenis for identification to be distributed in the exsiccates. Both, therefore, should be considered as isolectotypes, too.

Description:— Kirschner & Štěpánek (1985: 128).

Illustrations:— Kirschner & Štěpánek (1985: 129, 131, and Plate XI).

Exsiccates:—Sintenis, Iter Thessalicum 1896 , no. 182; Taraxaca Exs., no. 26, 27.

Diagnostic notes:—A relatively isolated taxon among the European members of T. sect. Erythrocarpa . Outside Europe, it is very close to T. cinnamomeum Kirschner & Štěpánek of Lebanon and Israel, but the latter has cinnamon-brown achenes and does not develop pollen. The most similar European taxon is T. olympophilum . As already stated by Sonck (1993: 207–208), T. olympophilum has appressed to loosely appressed outer phyllaries (not erect to erect-patent as in T. calocephalum ), interlobes not bordered, entire to denticulate (not narrowly bordered brown-purple and often with lobules or lobe base incisions, as in T. calocephalum ), and achenes ca. 3.8–4.4 mm long, including cone 0.7–1.0 mm long ( 4.8–5.5 mm long, with cone 1.2–1.5 mm long in T. calocephalum , Fig. 22 View FIGURE 22 ).

Distribution and ecology:— Taraxacum calocephalum is very widespread in northern and central Greece, scattered in other Greek regions, and there is a single locality known from Albania ( Fig. 22 View FIGURE 22 ). There is a relatively wide range of habitats, including mountain stony or rocky slopes, mountain calacareous grasslands, road verges, open oak woodlands etc. Its IUCN conservation status is estimated as LC.

Specimens examined:— ALBANIA: “Mittel-Albanien, inter Prizren et Debra, M. Galica - Lums, in herbidis summi jugi supra pagum Bicaj” [ Central Albania, between Prizren (now in Kosovo ) and Debar (= Dibra ), mountains of Maja e Gjallicës ( 2489 m), above the village of Bicaj , limestone], ca. 2200 m, 14 Jul 1918, J. B. Kümmerle (WU, no. det. 1168).— GREECE: [Mt. Athos] Hagion Oros, the convent of Prodrom , 200 m, Apr 1909, Dimonie 228 (PRC, no. det. 21044).—N. Sporades, Skopelos, E slope of Mt. Delphi   GoogleMaps , 0.5–1.5 km N–NNW of the top, limestone in pine forest, 400–600 m, 21 Apr 1972, S. Snogerup & M. Gustafsson 43095 (LD, no. det. 25883).—N. Sporades, Skopelos, N. Sporades: Skopelos, ca. 2 km E of the town, near the monastery of Metamorphosis, 250 m, 18 Apr 1972, S. Snogerup & M. Gustafsson 42955 (LD, no. det. 25893).—[ Delphos, Mt. Parnassos, originally collected by G. Samuelsson] cultivated in Bergian Garden, 29 May 1925, H. Dahlstedt (S, no. det. 1480); cultivated in Uppsala, 22 May 1925, H. Dahlstedt (S, no. det. 1599; W, no. det. 1109; LD, no. det. 3798; B, no. det. 12626).— Trikala, Koridallos, along the road 2 km of Metsovon   GoogleMaps , 720 m, 4 May 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 3740, 34613).—NE of Metsovon   GoogleMaps , ca. 1300 m, 25 Apr 1983, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34622).— Pindos, slopes near Metsovon   GoogleMaps , 1200 m, 25 Apr 1982, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34621).— Trikala, Trigona, 20 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34623; PRA, no. det. 4575).— Lakonia, ca. 1 km along the road to Karyé, 28 km from Sparti, 910 m, 28 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34611; PRA, no. det. 4576, Taraxaca Exs., no. 27).— Magnesia, Portaria   GoogleMaps , 600 m, 4 May 1982, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34617; PRA, no. det. 4578).— Ioannina, Dodoni, near the old amphitheatre, 21 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34951, 34619).— Epiros, Ioannina, Vitsa, 960 m, 23 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (PRA, no. det. 4577; H, no. det. 34607).— Epiros, Ioannina, along road near Monodendri, ca. 1060 m, 23 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (PRA, no. det. 3968, Taraxaca Exs., no. 26; H, no. det. 3733).— Thessalia, Olympos, 6 May 1982, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 3736).— Litochoron, slopes of Olympos, 17 Apr 1981, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 3735, 3737 & 3738).— Mt. Olympos   GoogleMaps , a path between Stavros and Litochron, 21 Apr 1983 C. E. Sonck (PRA, no. det. 4574).— Kardhitsa, Ep. Kardhitsis, S of Kedhros   GoogleMaps , 240 m, 39°09‘39“ N, 22°02‘37“ E, 26 Mar 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 95130 (B, no. det. 16001).— Ioannina, Ep. Konitsis, Klidhonia, Q. coccifera forest, rocks, 380 m, 39°58‘05“ N, 20°39‘44“ E, 31 Mar 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 107930 (B, no. det. 15997).— Ilias, Ep. Ilias, NEE of Majiras, 420 m, 37°40‘47“ N, 21°40‘46“ E, 17 Apr 2001, R. Willing & E. Willing 89008, 89006 (B, no. det. 15991).— Etolia-Akarnania, Ep. Trihonidhos, SW of Stavros, 540 m, 38°47‘50“ N, 21°28‘09“ E, 29 Mar 1999, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing (B, no. det. 15985).— Fthiotis, Ep. Lokridhos, 0.7 km N of Zelio   GoogleMaps , 520 m, 38°40‘00“ N, 22°52‘00“ E, 22 Mar 1997, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 53234 (B, no. det. 16724).— Nom. Fthiotis, Ep. Lokridhos, 1.2 km W of Mendhenitsa   GoogleMaps , 620 m, 38°45‘ N, 22°35‘30“ E, 29 Apr 1993, E. Willing 23061 (B, no. det. 15976).— Magnisia, Ep. Volou, 2.4 km SE of Afete, 310 m, 39°16‘ N, 23°11‘ E, 16 May 1993, E. Willing 26360 (B, no. det. 15977).— Magnisia, Ep. Volou, 0.7 km E of Portaria   GoogleMaps , 700 m, 39°23‘ N, 23°00‘ E, 17 May 1993, E. Willing 26423 (B, no. det. 15978).— Kardhitsa, Ep. Kardhitsis, NW of Kato Ktimeni, 250 m, 39°10‘26“ N, 22°06‘07“ E, 27 Mar 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 95256 (B, no. det. 15979).— Halkidhiki, Ep. Halkidhikis, Holomon, S of Polijiros   GoogleMaps , 400 m, 40°20‘53“ N, 23°27‘04“ E, 13 Apr 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 111157 (B, no. det. 15980).— Ioannina, Ep. Dhodhonis, 1.2 km SE of Zitsa, 640 m, 39°44‘38“ N, 20°39‘16“ E, 21 Apr 2000, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 79235 (B, no. det. 15981).— Ioannina, Ep. Dhodhonis, 0.9 km N of Baousii   GoogleMaps , 640 m, 39°47‘30“ N, 20°43‘30“ E, 25 May 1990, E. Willing 8515 (B, no. det. 15982).— Larisa, Ep. Ajias, NW of Kokkino Nero, 75 m, 39°50‘13“ N, 22°47‘02“ E, 14 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 99983 (B, no. det. 15984).— Fthiotis, Ep. Lokridhos, N of Modhi   GoogleMaps , 410 m, 38°40‘01“ N, 22°40‘19“ E, 10 Apr 1999, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 75651 (B, no. det. 15986).— Magnisia, Ep. Volou, NE of Mikro Perivolaki   GoogleMaps , 170 m, 39°24‘37“ N, 22°39‘46“ E, 3 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 97170 (B, no. det. 15987).— Pieria, Ep. Pierias, SW of Platamon, 210 m, 39°58‘28“ N, 22°36‘36“ E, 7 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 98028 (B, no. det. 15988).— Pieria, Ep. Pierias, SW of Platamon, 445 m, 39°57‘58“ N, 22°35‘30“ E, 7 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 98073 (B, no. det. 15989).— Kardhitsa, Ep. Kardhitsis, NE of Thrapsimi   GoogleMaps , 250 m, 39°11‘18“ N, 22°00‘50“ E, 26 Mar 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 95074 (B, no. det. 15990).— Ilias, Ep. Ilias, SW of Lalas, 550 m, 37°41‘39“ N, 21°42‘06“ E, 17 Apr 2001, R. Willing & E. Willing 89092 (B, no. det. 15992).— Kardhitsa, Moschato, 640 m, 39°18‘40“ N, 21°46‘55“ E, 1 May 2000, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 82262 (B, no. det. 15993).— Nom.Arta, 4.6 km S of Skoulikaria   GoogleMaps , 800 m, 39°07‘30“ N, 21°15‘30“ E, 21 May 1994, E. Willing 33230 (B, no. det. 15995).— Magnisia, Ep. Volou, 2.7 km SE of Afete, 39°46‘ N, 23°11‘ 00–30“ E, 16 May 1993, E. Willing 26278 (B, no. det. 15996).— Grevena, Ep. Grevenon, SW of Kipourio, 820 m, 39°56‘25“ N, 21°20‘49“ E, 18 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 101043 (B, no. det. 15998).— Kardhitsa, Ep. Kardhitsis, N of Apidhea   GoogleMaps , 300 m, 39°12‘18“ N, 21°56‘18“ E, 25 Mar 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 94949 (B, no. det. 15999).— Kardhitsa, Ep. Kardhitsis, NE of Kedhros   GoogleMaps , 130 m, 39°13‘29“ N, 22°01‘52“ E, 26 Mar 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 94969 (B, no. det. 16000).— Kardhitsa, Ep. Kardhitsis, N of Loutropiji   GoogleMaps , 650 m. EJ 93.01 .43, 39°07‘37“ N, 22°02‘48“ E, 26 Mar 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 95166 (B, no. det. 16002).—Fokis, Ep. Dhodhonis, Massif of Trikorfa   GoogleMaps , 1.0 km SE of Potidhania, 830 m, 38°28‘30“ N, 22°03‘ E, 14 May 1991, E. Willing 11841 (B, no. det. 16003).—Fthiotis, Ep. Lokridhos, 2.9 km W of Mendhenitsa   GoogleMaps , 770 m, 38°45‘ N, 22°34‘30“ E, 30 Apr 1993, E. Willing 23156 (B, no. det. 16004).—Halkidhiki, Ep. Halkidhikis, SW of Polijiros, 330 m, 40°21‘52“ N, 23°24‘30“ E, 13 Apr 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 111340 (B, no. det. 16006).—Halkidhiki, Ep. Halkidhikis, Holomon, N of Polijiros   GoogleMaps , 610 m, 40°24‘06“ N, 23°25‘22“ E, 13 Apr 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 111236 (B, no. det. 16007).—Ioannina, Ep. Metsovou, W of Votonosi   GoogleMaps , 800 m, 39°45‘49“ N, 21°07‘27“ E, 30 Apr 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 116656 (B, no. det. 16008).—Grevena, Ep. Grevenon, NW of Pigadhitsa, 570 m, 39°59‘44“ N, 21°24‘05“ E, 18 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 100978 (B, no. det. 16009).—Etolia-Akarnania, Ep. Trihonidhos, S of Skootera   GoogleMaps , 290 m, 38°40‘14“ N, 21°28‘24“ E, 29 Mar 1999, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 72966 (B, no. det. 16010).—Ioannina, S of Lippa   GoogleMaps , 805 m, 39°28‘11“ N, 20°44‘31“ E, 9 May 2005, R. Willing & E. Willing 134565 (B, no. det. 31677).— Thesprotia, SE of Keramitsa, 510 m, 39°39‘34“ N, 20°25‘48“ E, 7 May 2005, R. Willing & E. Willing 134015 (B, no. det. 31764).—Ahaia, Ano Vlasia, 815 m, 38°00‘27“ N, 21°55‘03“ E, 1 Jun 2010, R. Willing & E. Willing 196684 (B, no. det. 31664).—Larisa, SE of Melissochori, 80 m, 39°37‘20“ N, 22°30‘29“ E, 14 Apr 2008, R. Willing & E. Willing 171211 (B, no. det. 31562).—Larisa, E of Elafos   GoogleMaps , 515 m, 39°34‘50“ N, 22°47‘15“ E, 20 Apr 2008, R. Willing & E. Willing 173425 (B, no. det. 31551).—Kozanis, E of Imera   GoogleMaps , 435 m, 40°17‘56“ N, 22°05‘34“ E, 9 Apr 2006, R. Willing & E. Willing 149609 (B, no. det. 31530).—Grevena, SE of Kranea, 965 m, 39°53‘03“ N, 21°18‘03“ E, 16 May 2012, R. Willing & E. Willing 219275 (B, no. det. 31529).

Less certain identifications:— GREECE: Fthiotis, Ep. Lokridhos, 0.7 km W of Moni Dhamastas, 440 m, 38°46‘30“ N, 22°27‘30“ E, 24 Mar 1997, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 53795 (B, no. det. 16723).—Grevena, Ep. Grevenon, W of Mavranei, 800 m, 40°02‘21“ N, 21°18‘36“ E, 18 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 101100 (B, no. det. 15983).—Preveza, 1.3 km S of Anojio   GoogleMaps , 780 m, 39°21‘30“N, 20°56‘ E, 27 May 1994, E. Willing 34733 (B, no. det. 15994).—Magnisia, Ep. Volou, 1.0 km NE of Afete   GoogleMaps , 320 m, 39°17‘ N, 23°10‘ E, 16 May 1993, E. Willing 26235 (B, no. det. 16005).— Epiros, Ioannina, Dodoni, 21 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 3734).