Turanogryllus pakistanus Ghouri & Ahmad, 1959

Turanogryllus pakistanus Ghouri & Ahmad, 1959 View in CoL

Paragryllopsis pakistanus Ghouri & Ahmad. 1959 . Pakist. Sc. Conf. Lahore 11:A48.

Paragryllopsis pakistanus Chopard. 1963 . Bull. Res. Council Israel B 11:169.

Turanogryllus pakistanus Chopard. 1967 . In Beier [Ed.]. Orthopterorum Catalogus 10:36.

Gryllopsis pakistanus Chopard [Ed.]. 1969. The Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries i–xviii: 69, 70, 74 & 75.

Turanogryllus jammuensis Bhowmik. 1985 . Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Misc. Pub., Occas. Paper 73:42 Note: synonym [ pakistanus is the older name].

Turanogryllus jammuensis M. S. Shishodia, K. Chandra & S.K. Gupta. 2010 . Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Misc. Pub., Occas. Paper 314:225.

Material examined:

7 ♂ and 6 ♀. India: Chandigarh, Panjab University , 30.7606° N, 76.7654° E collected and identified by R. Jaiswara, PU Chd. GoogleMaps 1 ♂. [ India], Rajasthan, Jaisalmer , Polji ki dairy , N26° 47.453’, E 070° 55.253’ collected and identified by Monaal. GoogleMaps 1 ♂. [ India], Rajasthan, NRCSS Ajmer , 30° 39′49.36′′N 76° 43′ 43.83′′E collected by R. Nagar and identified by A.K. Meena GoogleMaps .

Emended Description. Body color light to dark brown ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 & 4 View FIGURE 4 ). Head. Occiput with or without 6 yellow lines ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 & 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Median ocelli is oval shaped, somewhat similar to lateral ocelli in size that is circular in shape ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ). Legs. TI with tympanum present on both sides; outer tympanum almost 4 times in size of inner tympanum, outer tympanum is oval in shape and inner tympanum is circular in shape. III with 6–8 outer and 7–9 inner sub-apical spurs getting longer apically. Forewing. FW shorter than abdomen or up to the length of abdomen; mirror angulated in front, round behind, much wider than long; divided by S-shaped vein, harp with 3 oblique veins, diagonal vein straight ( Fig. 2C View FIGURE 2 ), stridulatory vein with 350–450 teeth ( Fig. 10A View FIGURE 10 ), apical field long with 6–8 closely reticulated cell alignments ( Fig. 2C View FIGURE 2 ); lateral field with 8–9 veins ( Fig. 2D View FIGURE 2 ).

Male genitalia. Supra anal plate yellowish-brown ( Fig. 2G View FIGURE 2 ), almost as wide as long, narrowing posteriorly, posterior margin slightly concave. Subgenital plate deeply notched posteriorly upto one-third of length ( Fig. 2H View FIGURE 2 ), as long as high in lateral view.

Genitalic parts are heavily sclerotized. Pseudepiphallus without median lobe, gap between lateral lobes deep, posterior end of lateral lobes bear long, slender styli, diverging from each other in dorsal view, in lateral view styli curved upwardly; inner side of lateral lobes and styli bear long setae. Anterior margin of pseudepiphallus slightly concave in the middle. Pseudepiphallic apodeme rather long. Pseudepiphallic paramere divided apically into long and short processes, in lateral view long processes is slightly longer than styli, with broad apical end and bears a small projection directed dorsally; short process with concave apical ends, meeting each other. Ectophallic fold thick and sclerotized. Ectophallic apodeme long and high in lateral view ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 ). Endophallic cavity distinct. Rami bifid on posterior end, bend on mid length.

Female Genitalia. Subgenital plate posterior margin notched ( Fig. 9D–F View FIGURE 9 ). Copulatory papilla slender and lightly sclerotized as compared to T. pandajhirensis sp. nov.

Bioacoustics

The calling song of T. pakistanus is a trill type, composed of alternating low and high amplitude syllables ( Fig. 12A View FIGURE 12 ). At 29°C, the low amplitude segment consists of 23 syllables with an average syllable duration (SD) of 9±1 ms and an average syllable period (SP) of 13±1 ms. The high-amplitude syllable has an average SD of 31±1 ms and an average SP of 339±2 ms. The dominant frequency of the calling song is 8.9 kHz, with an additional harmonic at 17.8 kHz.

Measurements (mm)

Body measurements of T. pakistanus are given in Table 1 View TABLE 1 .

Distribution: Asia-tropical, Indian subcontinent, India (West Himalaya, Jammu-Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Chandigarh and Rajasthan).