Sabdariffa surattensis, Barrett, Russell L., Yoshikawa, Vania Nobuko, McLay, Todd G. B., Duarte, Marília Cristina, Mwachala, Geoffrey & Hanes, Margaret M., 2025

Sabdariffa surattensis View in CoL (L.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett, comb. nov.

( Fig. 29 e, f View Fig .)

Hibiscus surattensis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 696 (1753); Furcaria surattensis (L.) Kostel., Allg. Med. Pharm. Fl. 5: 1856 (1836); Hibiscus involucratus Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 384 (1796), nom. illeg., non (Hochr.) M.M.Hanes, G.E.Schatz & Callm. (2020), nom. illeg.; Hibiscus convolvulaceus Hassk., Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle View in CoL 9: 216 (1866), nom. illeg. Type: G.E.Rumphius, Herb. Amboin. 4: 40, t. 16 (1743) [BHL].

Hibiscus trinitarius Noronha, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(Art. 4): 17 (1790), nom. inval., nom. nud.

Hibiscus bifurcatus Blanco, Fl. Filip. 545 (1837), nom. illeg., non Cav. (1787). Type: Philippines: Luzon, Bulacan Province, Angat, Dec. 1914, E.Merrill Sp. Blancoana 670 (neo, designated by J. van Borssum Waalkes , Blumea 16(1): 58 (1966): GH; isoneo: BM 013824035, BO, L, P, US).

Hibiscus hypoglossus Harv. & Sond., Fl. Cap. 1: 177 (1860), nom. inval., pro syn.

Hibiscus surattensis var. genuinus Hochr., Annuaire Cons. Jard. Bot. View in CoL Genève 4: 111 (1900), nom. inval.

Hibiscus surattensis var. villosus Hochr., Annuaire Cons. Jard. Bot. View in CoL Genève 4: 112 (1900). Type: Nyassaland [ Malawi]: ~ 1200 m, 17 Apr. 1897, H. Johnston per A . Whyte 1896 (lecto, here designated: G 00301841 ; isolecto: K) .

Hibiscus surattensis f. bicolor Backer, Fl. Batavia View in CoL 1: 129 (1907), nom. inval. [see ICN Art. 26.2 ( Turland et al. 2018).

Hibiscus surattensis f. concolor Backer., Fl. Batavia View in CoL 1: 129 (1907). Type: Indonesia: Java, Tandjungpriok , C. A . Backer 32783 (syn: BO, n.v.) .

Hibiscus surattensis f. immaculatus Kurz ex Rakshit & Kundu View in CoL , Sci . & Cult. 27: 194 (1961) (as ‘ immaculata ’). Type: Burma: Pegu Yomah , W. S . Kurz 1248 (holo: CAL, n.v.) .

Descriptions and illustrations

Linnaeus (1753, p. 696); Salisbury (1796, p. 384); Blanco (1837, p. 545); Wight (1839, pl. 197); Blanco (1845, p. 380); Hasskarl (1866, p. 74); Blanco (1879, p. 334, t. 347); Trimen (1893, p. 152); Backer (1907, p. 129); Keay (1958, p. 346); Andrews (1952, p. 26); Exell (1961, p. 438, t. 89/4); Rakshit and Kundu (1961, p. 194); Hauman (1963, pp. 121–122); Borssum Waalkes (1966, pp. 58–59); Exell and Gonçalves (1979, p. 25, fig. 8, 4); Gibson (1975, p. 64, fig. 6); Hochreutiner (1955, p. 37, fig. X, 1–3); Marais and Friedmann (1987, p. 37, fig. 11 (2–4)); Paul and Nayar (1988, pp. 153–155, fig. 32); Edmonds (1991, p. 15, fig. 1(3); 2(18)); Pradeep and Sivarajan (1991, p. 636, fig. 7, 8); Chang (1993, p. 742); Paul (1993, pp. 327–329, fig. 91); Vollesen (1995, p. 198); Sivarajan and Pradeep (1996, pp. 119–123, fig. 42); Philcox (1997, pp. 293–294); Wilson (1999, pp. 51–53); Leistner (2008, p. 115); Mwachala (2009, p. 38); Lejoly et al. (2010, p. 171); Fayaz (2011, p. 511, fig.); van der Burg (2013, pp. 69–70, fig. 21); Hyde et al. (2024, fig.).

Typification

Jarvis (2007) determined that the sheet commonly cited as the type of Hibiscus surattensis [ India : Gujarat, Surat, LINN 875.29] is not original material as ‘the sheet lacks the relevant Species Plantarum number (i.e. ‘12’), and was a post- 1753 addition to the collection.’ Jarvis (2007) states that the only original material identified for the name is the plate in Rumphius’ Herb. Amboin. 4: 40, t. 16 (1743).

We designate G 00301841 as lectotype of Hibiscus surattensis var. villosus as this has the most material and original annotations by Hochreutiner .

Distribution

Widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, also in the Indian subcontinent and south-east Asia, native to Angola, Bangladesh, Bénin, Borneo, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, southern China, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Islands, India , Ivory Coast, Kenya, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Malaysia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nigeria, Philippines, Republic of Cabo Verde, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa (Northern Provinces) Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Considered introduced in the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion and the Seychelles but further study may be warranted.