Sabdariffa bifurcata (Cav.) Barrett, Russell L., Yoshikawa, Vania Nobuko, McLay, Todd G. B., Duarte, Marília Cristina, Mwachala, Geoffrey & Hanes, Margaret M., 2025

Sabdariffa bifurcata (Cav.) View in CoL M.C. Duarte & Yoshikawa, comb. nov.

( Fig. 10 c, d View Fig .)

Hibiscus bifurcatus Cav., Diss. 3: 146–147, t. 51, fig. l (1787). Type citation: ‘ Habitat in Brasilia, observatus a Commers. V.S. communicatum a D. Thouin. ’ Type: Brazil: circa Rio de Janeiro, July 1767, P . Commerson s.n. (lecto, designated by P. A. Fryxell in R. A. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles, Leeward and Windward Isl. 5: 222 (1989), as ‘holo’): P 00673709 ! [P-JU 12374]; isolecto: C ( Herb. Vahl ) ; MA 475799 !, MPU 016507 About MPU !, P 01900220 !).

Hibiscus bicornis G.Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 231 (1818); Hibiscus bifurcatus var. bicornis (G.Mey.) Hochr., Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. View in CoL Genève 4: 109 (1900). Type: Guyana: Essequibo River , s. dat., E.K. Rodschied s.n. (holo: GOET 007811 View Materials ) .

Hibiscus decipiens A.St.-Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid. , 4th edn, 1(7): 247 (1828). Type citation: ‘prope lacum vulgo Sacuarema in provincia Rio de Janeiro.’ Type: Brazil: prov. Rio de Janiero , 1816, A. St.-Hilaire Catal. B2 Sect. 2 n° 475 (lecto, here designated: P 02285901 ; isolecto: MPU 016510 About MPU , P 02285902 , P 02285903 ) .

Hibiscus fluminensis Vell., Fl. Flumin. 282, n. 7 (1825 [1829]). Type citation: ‘(Tab. 34 a T. 7.)’. Type: ‘ Hibiscus fluminensis’ in J.V. de M. Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. 7: tab. 34 [BHL] (lecto; original parchment Plate of Florae Fluminensis in the Manuscript Section of the Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro [catalogue number mss1198656_040], later published in J.V. de M.Vellozo, Fl. Flumin.: Icon . 7: t. 34 (1831)), designated by Coutinho et al., Brittonia 77(1) (2025).

Hibiscus quinquelobatus Vell., Fl. Flumin. 283, n. 9 (1825 [1829]). Type citation: Habitat locis, et floret mensibus supra citatis. Type: ‘ Hibiscus quinquelobatus’ in J.V. de M.Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. 7, tab. 36 [BHL] (lecto: original parchment Plate of Florae Fluminensis in the Manuscript Section of the Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro [catalogue number mss1198656_040], later published in J.V. de M.Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. 7: t. 36 (1831)), designated by Coutinho et al., Brittonia 77(1) (2025).

Hibiscus bifurcatus f. glaber Gürke in C.F.P. von Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 12(3): 561 (1892); Hibiscus bifurcatus var. glaber (Gürke) Hochr., Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. View in CoL Genève 4: 109 (1900). Type: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Praia Grande , 27 Oct. 1867, A . Glaziou 1310 (lecto, designated by A. Krapovickas & P. A. Fryxell, Bonplandia View in CoL 13: 61 (2004): R; isolecto: BR 0000013323912 !, BR 0000013323929 !, C (herb. Warming), P 06642099 !). Residual syn: Suriname: Paramaribo, Mar.–Apr. 1844, A . Kappler 1590 ( G 00353179 !, P 06642110 !). Brazil: between S . Ioao & S . Aña , 1868, W . Burchell 9101 ( BR 0000013323936 !, BR 0000013323943 !). Brazil: W . Burchell 9969 ( BR 0000013323882 !, BR 0000013323899 !, BR 0000013323905 !). Suriname: 1851, H. R . Wullschlaegel 27 ( BR 00000 13323868!). Suriname: 1853, H. R . Wullschlaegel 1361 ( BR 00000133 23875!). Brazil: prov. Minarum : prope villa do Principe etc. C. F. P . Martius ( M 0211565 !, M 0211566 !, M 0211568 !) .

Hibiscus bifurcatus f. pilosus Gürke in C.F.P. von Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 561 (1892). Type: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, 1834, C . Gaudichaud 924 (lecto, designated by A. Krapovickas & P. A. Fryxell, Bonplandia View in CoL 13: 61 (2004): G; isolecto: P 06642098 !). Residual syn: Brazil: 16 Aug. 1836, B . Luschnath s.n. [Fl. Bras. no. 1012] ( M 0211569 !, BR 0000005905065 !, BR 0000005905393 !, BR 0000005905720 !) .

Descriptions and illustrations

Cavanilles (1787, pp. 146–147, t. 51, fig. l); Meyer (1818, p. 231); Vellozo (1827, p. 282, 1831, tab. 34); de Saint-Hilaire (1828, p. 247); Gürke (1892, p. 561); Williams and Cheeseman (1929, p. 88); Uittien (1932, pp. 21–22); Macbride (1956, pp. 469–470); León and Alain (1957, pp. 252–253); Adams (1972, pp. 476–477); Liogier (1981, p. 93); Fryxell (1989, p. 222); Edmonds (1991, fig. 1(14); 2(28)); Fryxell (2000, p. 15); Krapovickas and Fryxell (2004, p. 61); Areces Berazaín (2006, pp. 26–27, fig. 2a, 3a, 4a, f); Rigueiral et al. (2019, p. 4, fig. 1a–c); Coutinho and Fernandes-Júnior (2024).

Typification

Cavanilles (1787) worked mostly with material at MA and P. The citation of a specific sheet of Hibiscus bifurcatus View in CoL at P by Fryxell (1989, p. 232) as ‘holo’ is here accepted as an inadvertent lectotypification.

Although de Saint-Hilaire (1828) did not specify a herbarium holding the type of Hibiscus decipiens View in CoL , the primary set of specimens associated with this publication is held at P. We here designate the sheet with the most material as lectotype .

No specimens have been traced for Hibiscus fluminensis Vell. or Hibiscus quinquelobatus Vell. , therefore the original illustrations (subsequently published 2 years after the protologue but available to Vellozo (1827, 1831) at the time of publication) have been designated as lectotypes by Coutinho et al. (2025). The original artwork for these figures can be viewed through the website of the Biblioteca Nacional (http:// bndigital.bn.br/acervodigital; see also Knapp et al. 2015).

Notes

Gürke (1892) recognised several formae within S. bifurcata but these are considered to be regional variants of a polymorphic species.

The earlier name Hibiscus strigosus Lindl. has been suggested to be the same as H. bifurcatus but that name clearly applies to an Abelmoschus species. The illustration in the protologue may be an appropriate lectotype for H. strigosus Lindl.

We follow Coutinho et al. (2025) in including Hibiscus quinquelobatus Vell. as a synonym of S. bifurcata .

Distribution

Widespread in South and Central America, in NE Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba , Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, SE Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela and the Windward Islands.