Gasteruption brachychaetum Schrottky, 1906

Gasteruption brachychaetum Schrottky, 1906 ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 )

Gasteruption brachychaetum Schrottky, 1906: 61–62 (description); Kieffer, 1912: 238 (in key), 308–309 (redescription); Hedicke, 1939: 34 (catalog); Macedo, 2009: 7 ( brachycaetum misprint, cladistic analysis); Rasmussen et al. 2009: 23 (catalog).

Diagnosis. Differs from G. amputatum by the head subtrapezoidal in dorsal view ( Fig. 6a View FIGURE 6 ); the propleuron longer than the pronotum; the mesonotum rounded in lateral view ( Fig. 6d View FIGURE 6 ); and the mesoscutum punctate ( Fig. 6c View FIGURE 6 ). Differs from other Neotropical species by the ovipositor sheath shorter than 0.40 times the metasoma length ( Fig. 6e View FIGURE 6 ); and by the subgenital sternun notched, V-shaped.

Redescription. Female ( Fig. 6e View FIGURE 6 ). Length: 11.4 mm ( 8.3–15.1 mm) (n=40); ovipositor sheath length 0.17 (0.13–0.22) × body length.

Head. Subtrapezoidal in dorsal view, as long as wide ( Fig. 6a View FIGURE 6 ), punctulate; mandible pre-apical tooth short; malar space short, almost separated from gena; posterior ocellus inserted at the level of upper eye margin; occipital carina relatively narrow dorsally and very wide laterally ( Fig. 6b View FIGURE 6 ). Head length 1.31 (1.21–1.49) × eye length; eye length 19.37 (12.50–30.00) × malar space; distance from posterior ocellus to occipital margin 1.77 (1.54–2.00) × distance between posterior ocelli; 1 st flagellomere 1.19 (1.00–1.60) × as long as scape, 1.29 (1.00–1.70) × as long as pedicel, 0.64 (0.44–1.00) × as long as 2 nd flagellomere. Color: black or dark brown, occipital carina usually red brown, clypeus yellow brown, scape yellow brown, remaining antennal segments dark brown to yellow brown.

Mesosoma. Propleuron rugulose dorsally, sparsely punctate laterally; pronotal process distinct; pronotum imbricate to smooth, area between lobes crenulate; mesonotum rounded in lateral view ( Fig. 6d View FIGURE 6 ); mesoscutum sparsely ( Fig. 6c View FIGURE 6 ) to densely punctate; mesoscutelum imbricate, with sparse punctation; mesepisternum imbricate dorsally and areolate ventrally; mesepimeron scrobiculate; metapleuron areolate, ventral region with a reduced smooth portion; propodeum areolate, longitudinal carina present (rarely indistinct); metacoxa usually with welldefined fine striae. Mesosoma (excluding propleuron) 1.67 (1.48–1.90) × as long as high; propleuron 1.69 (1.38– 1.96) × longer than its largest wide, 1.19 (1.03–1.38) × pronotum length; metacoxa 2.59 (2.00–3.15) × as long as wide; metatibia 3.97 (3.46–5.11) × as long as wide, 1.34 (1.12–1.43) × as long as femur, 3.23 (2.60–3.88) × as long as 1 st tarsomere. Fore wing discal cell subtriangular or subtrapezoidal; hind wing with 3 hamuli (rarely 2 or 4), not equidistant. Color: propleuron, mesonotum and propodeum red brown to dark brown, pronotum, mesopleuron and metapleuron red brown (with some black areas in several specimens); fore and middle legs with coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia red brown to dark brown, tibia with a yellow longitudinal stripe, tarsus white or yellow, apical tarsomeres red brown in some specimens; hind leg with coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia red brown to dark brown, subbasal portion of tibia yellow, tarsus red brown to dark brown ( two specimens from Colombia have mesosoma black, except for yellow parts of legs).

Metasoma. Imbricate, 2.99 (2.71–3.38) × as long as mesosoma; subgenital sternun notched, V-shaped; ovipositor sheath 0.28 (0.21–0.35) × as long as metasoma. Color: terga mostly red brown to dark brown, with posterior regions yellow brown; ovipositor sheath red brown to dark brown, with apex yellow brown.

Male. First record. Similar to female. Geographic distribution. Argentina ( Buenos Aires, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Tucumán), Brazil ( Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico ( Quintana Roo), Paraguay ( Schrottky 1906), Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Material examined. ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: La Plata, 18.XII.1965, H. & M. Townes, 2♀, 2♂ ( AEIC) ; Jujuy: Aguas Calientes , 650 m, 18–20.X.1968, L.E. Pena, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; Misiones: San Ignacio , 4–5.IV.1974, C. R. &. M. Vardy, 1♀ ( BMNH) ; Salta: San Carlos , 20.I.1950, A. Willink & Monrós, 1♀ ( IMLA) ; Tucumán: San Pedro de Colalao , 8.XI–8.XII.1967, L.A. Stange, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; BRAZIL: Espírito Santo: S.J. Petrópolis, 12.XI.1964, C. Elias, 1 unknown gender ( DZUP) ; Minas Gerais: Passa Quatro , 1903, E. R. Wagner, 1♀ ( MNHN) ; São Gonçalo Rio Abaixo, Est. Amb. Peti Cemig , 18–25.X.2002, A.F. Kumagai, 1♀ ( MZSP) ; Viçosa , 18.X.1992, G.A. R. Melo, 1♀ ( DZUP) ; Pará: Oriximiná, Porto Trombetas, Teófilo , transição, 1 o 47’3.5”S 56 o 34’50.1”W, 141 m, Malaise , 16– 26.XII.2006, L. Cezar & L. Penilo, 1♀ ( MZSP) GoogleMaps ; Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia , 700 m, 22. V.1932, J.F. Zikán, 1♀ ( FIOC) ; Nova Friburgo, Mury , XII.1975, Gred & Guimarães, 1♀ ( MZSP) ; Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Botânico , VII.1935, H.S. Lopes, 1♂ ( MNRJ) ; Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia , 27º11’S 52º23’W, 300–500 m, 4.XI.1941, 8.V.1958, 25.VIII.1958, 17.II.1959, 12.IV.1959, 12.II.1960, 30.III.1960, 26.IV.1960, 31.III.1961, 2.III.1962, IV.1966, 23.II.1967, F. Plaumann, 11♀, 1♂ ( CNCI) GoogleMaps ; Nova Teutônia , 28.I.1948, 20.IV.1948, 24.XII.1951, XII.1970, F. Plaumann, 4♀, 2♂ ( AEIC) ; Nova Teutônia , 10.X.1955, F. Plaumann, 1♀ ( BMNH) ; Nova Teutônia , X.1957, XI.1969, F. Plaumann, 1♀, 1♂ ( DZUP) ; São Paulo: Barueri , 25.VIII.1955, K. Lenko, 1♀ ( MNRJ) ; Guatapará , I.1945, N. Carrera, 1♀ ( MZSP) ; Ribeirão Preto, Campus USP, 20.VIII.1998, 14.IX.1998, 10.X.1998, G.A. R. Melo, 3♀ ( DZUP) ; Rio Claro, FEENA, Malaise , 10.IX–01.X.2005, J. T. Dias, 2♀ ( MZSP) ; São Paulo, IBUSP, 28.XI.2007, 10.XII.2007, 10.II.2008, G.D. Cordeiro, 3♀ ( MZSP) ; COLOMBIA: Amazonas: San Martín, PNN Amacayacu, Mata Station Tierre Firme, Malaise , 11–12.III.2000, M. Sharkey, 1♀ ( HIC) ; San Martin, PNN Amacayacu, 3º46'S 70º18"W, 150 m, Malaise , 30. VI –8.VIII.2000, B. Amado, 1♀ ( IAVH) ; Arauca: Tame , 20– 27.VII.1967, M. Cooper, 1♀ ( BMNH) ; COSTA RICA: San José : San José, 1100–1200 m, VIII.1980, N.L.H. Krauss, 1♂ ( AMNH) ; GUATEMALA: Guatemala: 3 mi S Amatitian , 26.XI.1972, B. & C. Dasch, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; MEXICO: Quintana Roo: X-can, VIII.1963, E. Welling, 9♀, 4♂ ( CNCI) ; PERU: Ica: Chanchamayo , 8.VIII.1949, J.M. Schunke, 1♀ ( BMNH) ; Loreto: Avispas, nr. Marcapata , IX.1972, L.E. Pena, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; SURI- NAME: Paramaribo : 24–28.IV.1964, D.C. Geijskes, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Morne Bleu , 7– 28.VIII.1969, H. & A. Howden, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; St. George, St. Augustine , 15.VII–13.VIII.1976, J.S. Noyes, 2♀ ( BMNH) ; VENEZUELA: Aragua: Rancho Grande, Portachuelo , 1100 m 13. VI.1981, F. Fernandez, 1♀ ( MIZA) ; 2 km N Ocumare de la Costa , 21–22. VI.1976, A.S. Menke & D. Vincent, 1♂ ( USNM) ; Bolívar: km 38, El Dorado, Santa Elena, 31.VIII.1957, F. Fernandez, 1♀ ( MIZA) ; Cojedes: El Pao. Higuerotal , 9º49'27"N 68º2'50"W, 376 m, 10–17.V.1995, 7–14.VI.1995, A. Alemán, 3♀ ( MIZA) GoogleMaps ; Falcón: Cerro Galicia , 1500 m, 4.XII.1971, J. & B. Bechyne, 1♀ ( MIZA) .

Comments. The three female s yntypes of G. brachychaetum were not found and presumably were lost with part of Schrottky’s collection ( De Santis 1996; Rasmussen et al. 2009). The locality data cited by Schrottky (1906) in the description is PARAGUAY: Villa Encarnación, 30.I.1905, 6.II.1905, 8.II.1905. The main character in Schrottky’s description used to identify G. brachychaetum was the very short ovipositor.