Nervilia concolor (Blume) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst.

Nervilia concolor (Blume) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. View in CoL 45(3): 404. 1911. Cordyla concolor Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 416. 1825. Roptrostemon concolor (Blume) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 453. 1840. Pogonia concolor (Blume) Blume, Mus. Bot. View in CoL 1: 32. 1849. Type: JAVA, Mt. Salak, Blume s.n. (holo L–cannot be located).

Nervilia aragoana Gaudich., Voy. Uranie 422. 1829.

Epipactis carinata Roxb., Fl. Ind. View in CoL 3: 454. 1832. Pogonia carinata (Roxb.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. View in CoL : 414. 1840. Nervilia carinata (Roxb.) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. View in CoL 45: 404. 1911.

Pogonia flabelliformis Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. View in CoL 415. 1840. Aplostellis flabelliformis (Lindl.) Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. View in CoL 4: 203. 1924. Nervilia flabelliformis (Lindl.) Tang & F.T.Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. View in CoL 1: 68. 1951.

Pogonia nervilia Blume, Mus. Bot. View in CoL 1: 32. 1849. nom. superfl.

Pogonia gracilis Blume, Coll. Orchid. View in CoL : 155. 1858.

Pogonia scottii Rchb.f. View in CoL , Flora 55: 276. 1872. Nervilia scottii (Rchb.f.) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. View in CoL 45: 404. 1911.

Nervilia yaeyamensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. View in CoL 2: 140. 1912.

Nervilia tibetensis Rolfe View in CoL , Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 128. 1913. FiGS. 2 View FiG A-c, 3 & 4

Tuber spherical or ovoid, 1.5–2.5 cm in diameter, white, with multiple nodes. Leaf green, sometimes with purple blotches, broadly cordate, 8–12 cm long, 8–15 cm wide, strongly plicate, glabrous, many veined, acute to shortly acuminate, shallowly crenate, undulate along margin. Petiole 12–20 cm long, usually with 1–2 short tubular sheaths near base. Inflorescence erect, bearing 3–16 flowers; peduncle with 2–4 tubular sheaths. Floral bracts reflexed, narrowly lanceolate, 0.9–1.7 cm long, 1– 1.5 mm wide, longer than ovary. Flowers pendent, resupinate, usually not widely open, scented. Pedicelled ovary 0.7–1.3 cm long, ridged. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, acute, greenish-white, 14.5–17 mm long, 2–3 mm wide. Lateral sepals and petals similar in shape, linear-lanceolate, acute, greenish. Lateral sepals 12.5–16 mm long, 2–3 mm wide. Petals 14–18 mm long, 2–3 mm wide. Lip pale green to white, often with purplish-brown venation, purple-violet blotched at apex, shape variable, ovate-oblong, obovate, or rhombic, 11– 14 mm long, 5–7 mm wide, spur absent, 3-lobed; lateral lobes small, erect, triangular, acute, loosely embracing column; mid-lobe ovate, ovate-elliptic or ovate-triangular, obtuse; disk villous primarily on veins and at apex. Column white, 6–8 mm long.

Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from April to August. fruiting from May to August.

Habitat: Terrestrial herbs, growing in moist mixed evergreen forests and Savanna grasslands. Mostly prefers shady places among short grasses at 200– 1100 m elevation. Total population size in Sri Lanka is estimated to comprise fewer than 100 mature individuals. Locally rare.

Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bismarck Islands, Borneo, Caroline Island, China, Cook Island, India, Japan, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Island, Malaku, Malaya, Marianas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Northern Territory-Australia, Pakistan, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Society Island, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam and Wallis- Futuna Island.

Specimens examined: INDIA, Orissa, Ganjam, Mohana, S . Misra 114 ( CAL) . South Andaman, N. P . Balakrishnan 4086 ( CAL) . Sikkim, 2500 feet, 05.1891, R . Pantling 143 ( P [ P00347511 ]) . INDONESIA, Lesser Sunda Islands, Kandang , 800 m, 01.10.1980, E . Schmutz 4703 ( L [ L1514232 ]) . LAOS, Salavan, 13.04.1927, E . Poilane 13754 ( P [ P00347528 ]) . SRI LANKA, Bulupitiya, near Nilgala, Bibile , 20.04.2009, AKAG 37 ; ibid., 25.05.2009, AKAG 13 ; Kitugala , rainforest next to rubber plantation, 06.06.2010, AP 2011/04/04 ( PDA) . THAILAND, Chiang Mai, Jawn Tong, Mae Soi Valley , 11.05.1990, J. F . Maxwell 90-494 ( L [ L1517282 ]) .

VIETNAM, Nun Bara Province, Bienhoa , 23.04.1930, E . Poilane 17345 ( P [ P00347526 ]) .

Notes: In PDA, a specimen deposited from Kitulgala in Sabaragamuwa province ( AP. 2011/04/04) with a leaf and two flower stalks is identified as Nervilia concolor . However, the species was not found during recent field visits to the Kitulgala area .

Cribb and Whistler (2011) cited Blume s.n. as the holotype of this name and claimed that it is present at L. However, Seidenfaden (1978) was unable to locate it. Further research is needed to confirm whether or not type material still exists. In the absence of type material, the name would need to be neotypified, but due to lack of information and access to original (or related) materials, it was not attempted in the current study.