Astrodaucus Drude Astrodaucus orientalis, (L.) Drude Astrodaucus littoralis, (Bieb.) Drude Turgeniopsis Boiss. Caucalis L. Turgenia Hoffm.

103. Astrodaucus Drude View in CoL 1

Leaves several times pinnate. Calyx-teeth short. Petals white or yellowish, the outer ones radiating, unequally 2-lobed; apex inflexed. Fruit prismatic, laterally compressed or subcylindrical; primary ridges 5, filiform, citiate or with stellate hairs; secondary ridges with triangular or pyramidal spines in 1 or 2 rows, confluent at the base into a wing. Bracteoles 5; petals 4 mm 1. orientalis Bracteoles 8-11; petals 2-5 mm 2. littoralis

1. A. orientalis (L.) Drude View in CoL in Engler & Prantl, Natiirl. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 157, 271 (1898).

Stem up to 100 cm, erect, branched above. Leaves triangular-ovate in outline, 3- to 4-pinnate, sparsely hairy; lobes minute, oblong, obtuse. Rays 8-15. Bracts 0(—3); bracteoles 5, oblong-lanceolate, ciliate. Petals 4 mm. Fruit 5-6 mm; spines on secondary ridges triangular, 2-seriate, longer than the width of the mericarp. S. Ukraine. Rs (W, K) [Cz Rs (C)]. (S.fT. Asia.)

2. A. littoralis (Bieb.) Drude View in CoL , loc. cit. (1898).

Stem up to 65 cm, erect, branched. Leaves broadly triangular in outline, 4- to 5-pinnate, sparsely hairy; lobes linear or oblong-linear. Rays 8-20(-25). Bracts 0(—3); bracteoles 8-11, lanceolate to oblongovate, ciliate. Petals 2-5 mm. Fruit 6-7 mm; spines on secondary ridges pyramidal, 1-seriate, glochidiate at the apex. Maritime sands. S.E. Europe, from Bulgaria to S.E. Russia. Bu Rm Rs (W, K, E).

104. Turgeniopsis Boiss. 2

Annual. Leaves 3- to 4-pinnate. Sepals small. Petals white, obovate, unequally 2-lobed; apex inflexed. Fruit ellipsoid, obtuse, somewhat compressed laterally. Primary ridges rather indistinct, bearing short bristles. Secondary ridges well-developed and broadly obtuse in section, bearing 2-3 rows of hooked spines, which arise from warty bases. A monotypic genus distinguished from Caucalis by the endosperm, which is not inrolled at the commissural face, and from Torilis by the strongly developed secondary ridges.

1. T. foeniculacea (Fenzl) Boiss. View in CoL , Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3 (Bot.), 2: 53 (1844).

Stem up to 50 cm, terete, finely striate. Leaves with very fine capillary segments c. 0-5 mm wide. Bracts 0-1, linearsubulate; bracteoles 0-3, like the bracts. Rays 2-3. Partial umbels with 2-3 hermaphrodite flowers and a small number of male flowers in the centre. Fruit 8-1 0 x4-5 mm. Stylopodium shortly conical; styles short, stiff. Dry, stony slopes. S. Bulgaria (C. Rodopi). Bu. (S.W. Asia.)

105. Caucalis L. 1

Leaves 2- to 3-pinnate. Sepals small or obsolete. Petals white or pink, the outer radiating; apex inflexed. Fruit ellipsoid to ovoid, compressed laterally; 3 of the primary ridges with uniseriate cilia; secondary ridges thickened, with aculeate spines.

1. C. platycarpos L. View in CoL , Sp. Pl. 241 (1753) View Cited Treatment

(C. daucoides L. (1767) , non L. (1753), C. lappula Grande ).

Annual; stems up to 40 cm, erect, branched, slightly setose or pubescent. Leaf-segments pinnately divided into oblong or lanceolate lobes, almost glabrous. Rays 2-5. Bracts absent, rarely 1-2; bracteoles linearlanceolate. Petals c. 2 mm, white or pink. Fruit 6 -1 3x 5 mm; secondary ridges of mericarps with 1 row of aculeate spines as long as the width of the mericarp. 2/ j = 20. Most o f Europe except the north. Al Au Bu Co Cz Ga Ge G r He Hs Hu It Ju Lu Po Rm Rs (C, W, K, E) Tu.

C. bischoffii Kos.-Pol. , Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou nov. ser., 29: 153 (1916) (C. muricata Bischoff , non Crantz) is the name applied to a distinctive variant which occurs mainly in the eastern part of the range of 1 and apparently replaces it in Krym. In this the spines on the secondary ridges of the mericarps are 1 mm (much shorter than the width of the mericarps) and widened at the base. It is variously treated as a species or as a subspecies or variety of 1 and its status is not clear.

106. Turgenia Hoffm. 1

Like Caucalis but the two primary marginal ridges each with a single row of spines or tubercles, and the remaining primary and secondary ridges similar to each other, with spines in 2-3 rows.

1. T. latifolia (L.) Hoffm. View in CoL , Gen. Umb. 59 (1814)

( Caucalis latifolia L. ).

Annual up to 60 cm. Leaves pinnate, the segments lanceolate to oblong, serrate or pinnatifid, pubescent to hispid beneath, the margins often ciliate. Umbels long-pedunculate; rays 2-5. Bracts (2—)3—5; bracteoles 5-7, ovate-lanceolate to oblong, with wide scarious margins. Petals c. 5 mm, white, pink or purplish, the marginal 1 or 2 larger, radiating. Fruit 6-10 x 7 mm. Cultivated and disturbed ground. S. &S.C. Europe; sometimes naturalized or casual farther north. Al Au Be Bu Cr Cz Ga Ge G r He Hs Hu It Ju Lu Rm Rs (W, K, E) Si Tu [Br Rs (C)].