Hacquetia epipactis, (Scop.) DC. Astrantia L. Astrantia major, L. Astrantia major subsp. carinthiaca, Arcangeli

1. H. epipactis (Scop.) DC. View in CoL , Prodr. 4: 85 (1830).

Glabrous perennial 10-25 cm, with a creeping rhizome. Basal leaves longpetiolate; segments 2-4 cm, sessile, ovate, cuneate, lobed and toothed in the upper half. Umbels scapose. Bracteoles 1-2 cm, 5-6, like the leaf-segments, longer than the flowers. Petals yellow. Fruit c. 4 mm. 2«= 16. In woods. • E. Alps, mountains o f W. Hrvatska, N. Carpathians, S. Poland; local. Au Cz It Ju Po.

6. Astrantia L. 1

Leaves palmately lobed or palmatipartite. Inflorescence a simple umbel. Bracteoles large, coloured. Sepals conspicuous. Petals whitish, lanceolate; apex long, inflexed. Fruit with inflated ridges, covered with vesicular scales. Carpophore absent.

1 Bracteoles coriaceous, with prominent cross-veins; calyx-teeth long-acuminate 1. major 1 Bracteoles membranous, with inconspicuous cross-veins; calyxteeth subobtuse or mucronate

2 At least some basal leaves more than 5-partite

3 Leaf-segments deeply serrate; fruit ellipsoid 2. minor 3 Leaf-segments obscurely serrate or denticulate; fruit subcylindrical 3. pauciflora 2 All basal leaves 5-partite

4 Middle segment of leaf free nearly or quite to base; bracteoles exceeding the umbel 4. bavarica 4 Middle segment of leaf united to the lateral ones in the lower part; bracteoles shorter than or equalling the umbel

5. camiolica

1. A. major L. View in CoL , Sp. Pl. 235 (1753) View Cited Treatment .

Robust perennial up to 100 cm. Stems usually unbranched, except at the top. Basal leaves long-petiolate, 3- to 5(-7)-partite; segments lanceolate to obovate from a cuneate base, serrate or dentate and often somewhat lobed; middle segment free for at least $ its length. Bracteoles equalling or exceeding the umbel, lanceolate or oblanceolate, acuminate, more or less connate and whitish below, usually • pink or purplish towards the apex. Calyx-teeth narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate. Fruit 6-8 mm, nearly cylindrical. C. Europe, extending to N. Spain, C. Italy, Bulgaria and White Russia. Al Au Bu Cz Ga Ge He Hs Hu It Ju Po Rm Rs (C, W) [Br Da Fe],

(a) Subsp. major :

Bracteoles equalling the umbel. 2« = 28. Throughout the range o f the species, except some o f the higher mountains.

(b) Subsp. carinthiaca Arcangeli View in CoL , Comp. FI. Ital. 265 (1882):

Bracteoles twice as long as the umbel, at least in the terminal umbel. Higher mountains from the S. Alps to N. W. Spain.

2. A. minor L. View in CoL , Sp. Pl. 235 (1753) View Cited Treatment .

Slender perennial 20-40 cm. Stems often branched about half-way up. Basal leaves usually 7-partite; segments lanceolate to obovate from a cuneate base, deeply and sharply serrate, mostly free nearly or quite to base. Bracteoles equalling or exceeding the umbel, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, free to base. Calyx-teeth ovate-oblong, mucronulate. Fruit c. 3 mm, ellipsoid. 2zz=16. • Pyrenees, S.W. Alps, N. Appennini . Ga He Hs It.

3. A. pauciflora Bertol. View in CoL in Desv., Jour. Bot. Appi. 2: 76 (1813).

Like 2 but basal leaves 5- to 7-partite with usually linearlanceolate, obscurely serrate or denticulate segments; fruit c. 4 mm, subcylindrical. Calcicole. • Italy (C. & S. Appennini , Alpi Apuane }. It.

4. A. bavarica F. W. Schultz View in CoL , Flora (Regensb.) 41: 161 (1858).

Slender perennial up to 60 cm. Stems usually unbranched except at top. Basal leaves long-petiolate, 5-partite; segments lanceolate from a cuneate base, irregularly dentate and often somewhat lobed; middle segment free nearly to base. Bracteoles exceeding the umbel, narrowly lanceolate, acute or acuminate, free to base. Calyx-teeth ovate-oblong, acute. Fruit c. 4 mm, oblong or ovoid. In = 14. • E. Alps. Au Ge It Ju.

5. A. carniolica Jacq. View in CoL , FI. Austr. 5: 31 (1778).

Like 4 but leaf-segments ovate, the middle one united to the lateral ones in the lower part; bracteoles usually shorter than umbel; fruit c. 3 mm. 2n = 14. • S.E. Alps. Au It Ju.