Anthriscus Pers. Anthriscus sylvestris, (L.) Hoffm. Anthriscus nitida, (Wahlenb.) Garcke

13. Anthriscus Pers. View in CoL 1

( Cerefolium Fabr. )

Leaves 2- to 3-pinnate. Sepals minute or absent. Petals white, emarginate; apex inflexed. Fruit narrowly oblong, rarely ovoid, with a usually well-developed beak; commissure constricted. Ridges confined to the beak; vittae solitary.

1 Robust perennial or biennial; fruit with a short, poorly developed beak (1-4). sylvestris group

1 Annual; fruit with a prominent, well-developed beak

2 Fruit very narrow; beak up to 4 mm, as long as the rest of the fruit 5. cerefolium

2 Fruit ovoid to oblong-ovoid; beak up to 2 mm, about J as long as the rest of the fruit

3 Fruit usually with stiff, spine-like bristles (rarely glabrous); petals minute, inconspicuous 6. caucalis

3 Fruit glabrous; petals ±conspicuous 7. tenerrima (1-4). A. sylvestris group. Robust biennials or perennials up to 150 cm, often perennating by buds in the axils of the basal leaves. Leaves 3-pinnate with pinnatifid lobes. Rays 4-15, glabrous. Bracts 0; bracteoles several, lanceolate-ovate. Pedicels elongating but not becoming noticeably thickened in fruit. Fruit up to 10 mm, narrowly ovoid-oblong, smooth or with bristly tubercles, very shortly beaked.

A group of closely related taxa that have sometimes (e.g. by Thellung in Hegi, III. Fl. Mitteleur.) been treated as subspecies. Evidence of sympatric occurrence without obvious hybridization suggests that specific status is more appropriate.

1 Fruit black or dark brown when ripe, smooth and shiny, very rarely with a few small tubercles

2 Lowest primary leaf-divisions much smaller than the rest of the leaf 1. sylvestris

2 Lowest primary leaf-divisions nearly as large as the rest of the leaf 2. nitida

1 Fruit greenish to brownish when ripe, rather dull, usually with ± prominent tubercles, which often end in a curved bristle

3 Leaf-lobes not distinctly cuneate 3. nemorosa

3 Leaf-lobes distinctly cuneate 4. fumarioides

1. A. sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. View in CoL , Gen. Umb. 40 (1814)

( A. torquata Coste , Chaerophyllum sylvestre L. , Cerefolium sylvestre (L.) Besser).

Leaves relatively dull. Partial umbels with 4-8 fruits. Fruit 7-10 mm, with thick, short hairs around the base (sometimes difficult to detect in very ripe material). In =16. Almost throughout Europe but rare in the Mediterranean region. Al Au Be Br Bu Cz Da Fe Ga Ge G r He Hb Hs Ho Hu It Ju Lu No Po Rm Rs (N, B, C,W, K, E) Su.2

2. A. nitida (Wahlenb.) Garcke View in CoL , Fl. Nord-Mittel-Deutschl. ed. 7, 180 (1865)

( A. sylvestris subsp. alpestris (Wimmer & Grab.) Gremii ).

Leaves dark green and rather glossy. Partial umbels usually with 3-6 fruits. Fruit 5-7 mm, without a ring of hairs around the base. C. & E. Europe. Au Bu Cz Ga Ge He Hu It Ju Po Rm Rs (B, W).

3. A. nemorosa (Bieb.) Sprengel View in CoL , Pl. Umb. Prodr. 27 (1813)

( A. aemula (Woronow) Schischkin ).

Leaves glabrous above, hairy on the veins beneath; lobes not distinctly cuneate at base. Fruit 8-10 mm, greenish to blackish-green when ripe, usually tuberculate and hispidulous. Italy, Balkan peninsula, U.S.S. P. Al Bu Cr Gr It Ju Rm Rs (N, C, K) Si.

4. A. fumarioides (Waldst. & Kit.) Sprengel View in CoL , Pl. Umb. Prodr. 27 (1813)

(? A. vandasii Velen. ).

Like 3 but leaf-lobes cuneate at base; fruit 6-8 mm, yellowish-brown when ripe. • Italy and W. part of Balkan peninsula. Al?Au Ju It Gr.